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William Codman Sturgis (November 15, 1862–September 29, 1942) was an American mycologist. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he was the younger brother of the architect R. Clipston Sturgis and the son of Russell Sturgis (1831-1899) and his first wife Susan Codman Welles. Sturgis studied at Harvard University, where he earned three degrees between 1884 and 1889. For almost a decade he was dean of the School of Forestry at Colorado College, a position he began in 1904.
Sturgis is best known for his research into the Myxomycetes (slime molds). He collected extensively in the state of Colorado, and described several new species from there. After his death, his collections and correspondence were given to the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. The species Didymium sturgisii is named in his honor.