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Samuel Caldwell Sample (August 15, 1796 – December 2, 1855) was a United States Representative from Indiana. He was born in Elkton, Maryland and attended a rural school. He learned to become a carpenter and assisted his father in his contracting business. In 1823 he moved with his father to Connersville, Indiana. He studied law there and was admitted to the bar in 1833.
After being admitted to the bar, he began practicing law in South Bend, Indiana. In 1834 he was elected prosecuting attorney and subsequently elected judge of the ninth judicial circuit in 1836. He served as judge until he resigned in 1843. He also served as president of the First National Bank of South Bend.
He was elected to the 28th United States Congress as a Whig where he served from 1843 to 1845, the first representative from Indiana's 9th congressional district. He was defeated for reelection in 1844 by Charles W. Cathcart. After his defeat from Congress, he returned to South Bend, where he resumed practicing law until his death in 1855.