Rahmatullah Kairanawi

Rahmat Allâh Kairânawî(رحمت الله الكيراناوي) (91-1818), also spelt or known by names Rahmatullah Kairanvi or Al-Kairanawi or Sheik Rahmat Kairanawi or Rahamatullah ibn Halil al-Utmani al-Kairanawi or Al-Hindi, was a Sunni Muslim scholar and author who is best known for his work, Izhar ul-Haqq.

Kairanawi was born in Kairana of Uttar Pradesh, India during the last years of the Mughal Empire. A full family tree that goes back to the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, is mentioned in family sources. Part of the family wealth, a large property in Kairana, was granted by Akbar the Great. Many family members held high positions and/or were intellectuals. Kairanawani began receiving traditional Islamic education at the age of 6, memorizing the Qur'an at 12. He also learned Arabic and Persian. Later he moved to Delhi where he studied different disciplines including mathematics and medicine. Working as a Mufti and Sharia teacher, he founded a religious school in Kariana.

In 1837 the Church Mission Society appointed Karl Gottlieb Pfander, described by Eugene Stock as "perhaps the greatest of all missionaries to Mohammedans", to Agra in Northern India, where in 1854 he engaged in a famous public debate with leading Islamic scholars. The main Muslim debater was Kairanawi, being assisted by English-speaking Muhammad Wazîr Khân and influential Islamic writer Imad ud-din Lahiz.Kairanawani used arguments from recent European theologically critical works that Pfander was unfamiliar with, having left Europe before these where published, though his main source of reference was the apocryphal sixteenth-century Gospel of Barnabas, which he held to be authentic.

Imad ud-din Lahiz was not part of Kiranawi's team in the debate and there is no contemporary evidence for this claim. This appears to be a post-hock fabrication by missionaries who were to keen to enlarge his status and over-dramatize his conversion. Also noteworthy here is the fact the Pfander abruptly pulled out of the debate when he failed to provide satisfactory answers to questions put to him.

Following armed uprisings against the British in which he personally took part, Kairanawani had to leave all his property (auctioned later), and board a ship in Bombay. Arriving at the port of Mocha, Yemen, he walked to Mecca. The journey took two years.

Kairanawi wrote books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu.

Izhar ul-Haq (Truth Revealed)

Written originally in Arabic, this book in six volumes was translated later into Urdu, and from Urdu into a summarized English version [1] published by Ta-Ha. The book aims to respond to Christian criticism of Islam. It is the first Muslim book to use Western scholarly works in order to ascertain the errors and contradictions of the bible. The doctrine of Trinity is purportedly contested using biblical, Christian and other sources. Christine Schirrmacher, a German scholar of Islamic Studies, states in an article on the Pfander-Kairanawi debate: "The Demonstration of the Truth' (izhâr al-haqq) served as a summary of all possible charges against Christianity and was therefore used after al-Kairânawî's death as a sort of encyclopaedia since al-Kairânawî extended the material of former polemicists like 'Ali Tabarî, Ibn Hazm or Ibn Taymiyya to a great extent."

While residing in Mecca, Kairanawi founded a religious school there, Madrasah as-Sawlatiya.