Leonard D. Abbott

Leonard Abbott (1878–1953) was an anarchist and socialist best known for co-founding the Stelton Colony and related Ferrer Association in the 1910s.

Leonard Abbott was born in Liverpool on May 20, 1878, to an American expatriate family. His father was a metal merchant in the British city for an American firm. Raised and schooled in England, Abbott attended the upper-class, public Uppingham School. Having been awakened by Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason in his youth, Abbott eschewed college, whose tuition his family could have afforded, and chose to pursue social issues and a conventional career as a magazine editor upon immigrating to the United States in 1898. He wrote for The Literary Digest and later became associate editor of Current Digest, which he served for a quarter century.

Abbott was radicalized through the free speech movement in the Progressive Era, as anarchists were repressed their civil liberties. He would later become the Free Speech League's president after 1907. Abbott met the anarchist Emma Goldman soon after immigrating and turned towards libertarianism via his friend, the individualist anarchist J. William Lloyd. The two published Free Comrade sporadically between 1900 and 1912.

Simultaneously, Abbott served multiple organizations for social causes. Influenced by William Morris, Abbott joined the executive board of the Socialist Party of America in 1900 and the founding board of the Rand School of Social Science in 1906. He introduced Upton Sinclair to socialism in 1902 with an edition of Wilshire's Magazine. At the turn of the century, Abbott wrote on socialism in America for the British Labour Annual, helped with a socialist publication based in Chicago, and would continue to write pamphlets and for multiple other publications over the remainder of his career.

Moved by the execution of Francisco Ferrer in 1909, Abbott edited a volume about Ferrer's life and became the public face of the anarchist New York Ferrer Association. His British accent and aristocratic manners made him an unlikely yet successful advocate for radical politics. But Abbott would be best known as a leader of the New Jersey Ferrer Colony, which he helped to split from the Association in 1916 following its 1914 move. His abilities to summarize and popularize were among his talents.

As the anarchism movement ebbed, Abbott moved to socialism in 1917. While Abbott followed anarchism as a social philosophy and believed in its liberatory fight against oppression, historian Laurence Veysey wrote that Abbott vacillated between socialism and anarchism and never committed fully to the latter. In the middle of the Ferrer affair, Abbott wrote that radical ideas stirred his spirit, and he pursued them almost impulsively, but he believed in principles of self-development and individualism on balance with conservative values, such as self-sacrifice. He wrote that he wanted to feel his radical beliefs with greater ardor.

In the 1930s, Abbott worked for the Works Progress Administration in Washington, D.C. He died in 1953 in New York City.

Abbott named his daughter after the anarchist Voltairine de Cleyre.

• The Society of the Future (1898)
• A Socialistic Wedding: Being the Account of the Marriage of George D. Herron and Carrie Rand (1901)
• The Root of the Social Problem (1904)
• Ernest Howard Crosby: A Valuation and a Tribute (1907)
• Sociology and Political Economy (1909)
• Francisco Ferrer, His Life, Work, Martyrdom (1910)
• Masterworks of Economics (1946)
• Masterworks of Government (1947)