George Lewis

George Emanuel Lewis (born July 14, 1952) is an American composer, performer, and scholar of experimental music. He has been a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) since 1971, when he joined the organization at the age of 19. He is renowned for his work as an improvising trombonist and considered a pioneer of computer music, which he began pursuing in the late 1970s; in the 1980s he created Voyager, an improvising software he has used in interactive performances. Lewis's many honors include a MacArthur Fellowship and a Guggenheim Fellowship, and his book A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music received the American Book Award. Lewis is the Edwin H. Case Professor of American Music, Composition & Historical Musicology at Columbia University.

Lewis was born July 14, 1952, in Chicago, Illinois. Lewis's father, George Thomas Lewis, was a postal worker who studied electronics under the GI Bill and had a deep love of jazz music; his mother, Cornelia Griffith Lewis, liked blues, soul, and R&B singers.

Lewis began his education at a public elementary school, but he was one of many Black students who could only attend half-days, allegedly to relieve "overcrowding"; this was widely understood to be an excuse to enforce de facto segregation under superintendent Benjamin Willis, whose policies led to the 1963 Chicago Public Schools boycott. An African American teacher convinced Lewis's parents to enroll him at the University of Chicago Laboratory School, where he started classes at age 9. Lewis attended the Lab School from 1961 until his graduation in 1969.

His parents wanted him to learn an instrument as a way to make friends, and Lewis chose the trombone, which was paid for in monthly installments. He played in the school orchestra and concert band, took private lessons from University of Chicago graduate students, and as a teenager joined the school's new jazz band, run by jazz historian Frank Tirro (then working on his PhD) and Dean Hey. In the late 1960s, classmate Ray Anderson took Lewis to hear Fred Anderson at an AACM concert, and Lewis first heard the Art Ensemble of Chicago at another concert on his high school campus.

Lewis was accepted to Yale University in 1969, and at age 17 began his studies in prelaw. He also took music theory classes and met a number of artists in the community, but began to lose interest in school after his sophomore year and decided to take a break.

In 1971, during his time off in Chicago, Lewis heard some musicians practicing together near his parents' house; he introduced himself, and met Muhal Richard Abrams, John Shenoy Jackson, Steve Galloway, and Pete Cosey. Lewis was invited to check out a show at the Pumpkin Room, but misunderstood the invitation and brought his trombone; they let him play anyway, as part of a group that also included Joseph Jarman, Kalaparusha, and Steve McCall. Lewis worried about his performance, but McCall invited him to play another concert; at rehearsal, he was introduced to Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors, Sabu Toyozumi, Aaron Dodd, and Douglas Ewart. Lewis became more involved with the AACM, and Jackson encouraged him to apply to join the group. After his acceptance, Lewis was voted reading secretary and began taking minutes at weekly meetings. Lewis regularly played late gigs with the Muhal Richard Abrams Big Band during his year off, and in the daytime held a United Steelworkers union job at Illinois Slag and Ballast Company.

Lewis returned to Yale in 1972, just as the university began its Duke Ellington Fellowship Program; artists brought to campus during Lewis's remaining years included Duke Ellington, Charles Mingus, Max Roach, Dizzy Gillespie, William Warfield, Papa Jo Jones, Willie "The Lion" Smith, Marion Williams, Tony Williams, and Slam Stewart. Lewis met many more musicians among Yale's students, faculty, and others living near New Haven such as Wadada Leo Smith, who began visiting Lewis early in the morning before his classes.

Lewis graduated from Yale in 1974 with a degree in philosophy.

In 1976, Lewis released Solo Trombone Record to great acclaim.

Lewis has long been active in creating and performing with interactive computer systems, most notably his software Voyager, which "listens" and reacts to live performers.

Lewis has recorded or performed with Anthony Braxton, Anthony Davis, Bertram Turetzky, Conny Bauer, Count Basie, David Behrman, David Murray, Derek Bailey, Douglas Ewart, Alfred Harth, Evan Parker, Fred Anderson, Frederic Rzewski, Gil Evans, Han Bennink, Irène Schweizer, J. D. Parran, James Newton, Joel Ryan, Joëlle Léandre, John Zorn, Karl E. H. Seigfried, Laurie Anderson, Leroy Jenkins, Marina Rosenfeld, Michel Portal, Misha Mengelberg, Miya Masaoka, Muhal Richard Abrams, Nicole Mitchell, Richard Teitelbaum, Roscoe Mitchell, Sam Rivers, Steve Lacy, and Wadada Leo Smith,as well as Frederic Rzewski and Alvin Curran's Musica Elettronica Viva and the Globe Unity Orchestra and the ICP Orchestra (Instant Composer's Pool).

In the 1980s, Lewis succeeded Rhys Chatham as the music director of The Kitchen.

From 1988-1990, Lewis collaborated with video artist Don Ritter to create performances of interactive music and interactive video controlled by Lewis's improvised trombone.

In 1992, Lewis collaborated with Canadian artist Stan Douglas on the video installation Hors-champs, featuring Lewis in an improvisation of Albert Ayler's "Spirits Rejoice" with musicians Douglas Ewart, Kent Carter and Oliver Johnson; the installation was featured at documenta 9 in Kassel, Germany.

Since 2004, he has served as Edward H. Case Professor of American Music at Columbia University in New York City. He previously taught at the University of California, San Diego.

Lewis is featured extensively in Unyazi of the Bushveld (2005), directed by Aryan Kaganof, a documentary about the first symposium of electronic music held in Africa. Lewis gave an invited keynote lecture and performance at NIME-06, the sixth international conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, which was held at IRCAM, Paris, in June 2006.

His work "Morning Blues for Yvan" was featured on the compilation album Crosstalk: American Speech Music (Bridge Records), produced by Mendi + Keith Obadike.

In 2008, Lewis published a book-length history of the AACM titled A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music (University of Chicago Press). Lewis later wrote an opera based on the book, titling it Afterword: The AACM (as) Opera; the work premiered at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago in 2015.

In April 2022, the International Contemporary Ensemble announced the appointment of Lewis as its next artistic director, effective April 2022.

In 2002, Lewis received a MacArthur Fellowship. His many honors also include a Guggenheim Fellowship (2015), a United States Artists Fellowship (2011), the Alpert Award in the Arts (1999), and the American Musicological Society's Music in American Culture Award in 2009. He became a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015, a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 2016, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2018. Lewis has received four honorary degrees: Doctor of Music from the University of Edinburgh in 2015, Doctor of Humane Letters from New College of Florida in 2017, Doctor of Music from Harvard University in 2018, and Doctor of Music from the University of Pennsylvania in 2022.

His monograph A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music received the 2009 American Book Award.

As sole leader

As co-leader

Organized by year of release; year(s) of recording noted if known to be earlier.

• 1978: Anthony Braxton / George Lewis Duo – Elements of Surprise (Moers; recorded 1976)
• 1979: George Lewis / Douglas Ewart – Jila Save! Mon. - The Imaginary Suite (Black Saint; recorded 1978)
• 1980: Company (Derek Bailey, Dave Holland, Lewis, Evan Parker) – Fables (Incus)
• 1982: Derek Bailey / George Lewis / John Zorn – Yankees (Charly)
• 1985: Misha Mengelberg / Steve Lacy / George Lewis / Harjen Gorter / Han Bennink – Change of Season (Music Of Herbie Nichols) (Soul Note)
• 1987: Mengelberg / Lacy / Lewis / Ernst Reÿseger / Bennink – Dutch Masters (Soul Note)
• 1988: John Zorn / George Lewis / Bill Frisell – News for Lulu (hat Hut)
• 1992: Zorn / Lewis / Frisell – More News for Lulu (hat Hut; recorded 1989)
• 1994: Anthony Braxton & George Lewis – Donaueschingen (Duo) 1976 (hatART; recorded 1976)
• 1994: R. Anderson, C. Harris, G. Lewis, G. Valente – Slideride (hat Hut)
• 1996: Vinny Golia / George Lewis / Bertram Turetzky – Triangulation (Nine Winds)
• 1998: George Lewis & Miya Masaoka – The Usual Turmoil and Other Duets (Music & Arts; recorded 1997)
• 1998: George E. Lewis & Bertram Turetzky – Conversations (Incus)
• 2002: Evan Parker / George Lewis – From Saxophone & Trombone (PSI)
• 2006: Muhal Richard Abrams / George Lewis / Roscoe Mitchell – Streaming (Pi)
• 2009: J. Léandre & G. Lewis – Transatlantic Visions (RogueArt)
• 2009: George Lewis / Marina Rosenfeld – Sour Mash (Innova)
• 2009: Glasgow Improvisers Orchestra & George Lewis – Metamorphic Rock (Iorram)
• 2014: George Lewis / Wadada Leo Smith / John Zorn – Sonic Rivers (Tzadik)
• 2016: George Lewis & International Contemporary Ensemble – The Will to Adorn (Tundra)
• 2016: George Lewis & Splitter Orchester – Creative Construction Set™ (Mikroton)
• 2017: Ensemble Dal Niente & George Lewis – Assemblage (New World Records)
• 2019: Kimmig-Studer-Zimmerlin & George Lewis – Kimmig-Studer-Zimmerlin & George Lewis (ezz-thetics)
• 2019: George Lewis / Roscoe Mitchell – Voyage And Homecoming (RogueArt)
• 2021: Joelle Léandre / George Lewis / Pauline Oliveros – Play As You Go (Trost; recorded 2014)

As sideman

Organized by year of release; year(s) of recording noted if known to be earlier.

With Muhal Richard Abrams

• 1979: Spihumonesty (Black Saint; recorded 1978)
• 1980: Mama and Daddy (Black Saint)
• 2011: SoundDance (Pi; recorded 2009-2010)

With Anthony Braxton

• 1976: Creative Orchestra Music 1976 (Arista)
• 1977: The Montreux/Berlin Concerts (Arista; recorded 1975–6)
• 1983: Four Compositions (Quartet) 1983 (Black Saint)
• 1991: Dortmund (Quartet) 1976 (hatART; recorded 1976)
• 1992: Ensemble (Victoriaville) 1988 (Victo; recorded 1988)
• 1995: Creative Orchestra (Köln) 1978 (hatART; recorded 1978)
• 1999: News from the '70s (New Tone; recorded 1971–1976)
• 2000: Quintet (Basel) 1977 (hatOLOGY; recorded 1977)

With Anthony Davis

• Episteme (Gramavision)
• Hemispheres (Gramavision)
• Variations in Dream Time (Gramavision)
• Hidden Voices (India Navigation)

With Gil Evans

• 1981: Live at the Public Theater (New York 1980) (Trio; recorded 1980)
• 1993: Lunar Eclypse (New Tone; recorded 1981)

With Globe Unity Orchestra

• 1993: 20th Anniversary (FMP; recorded 1986)
• 2007: Globe Unity – 40 Years (Intakt)

With ICP Orchestra

• 1986: Bospaadje Konijnehol I
• 1986: ICP Plays Monk

With Steve Lacy

• 1983: Prospectus (hat ART; recorded in 1982; rereleased in 1999 as Cliches)
• 1985: Futurities (hat Hut)
• 2001: The Beat Suite (Sunnyside)
• 2004: Last Tour (Emanem)

With Roscoe Mitchell

• 1976: Roscoe Mitchell Quartet (Sackville; recorded 1975)
• 1977: Nonaah (Nessa; recorded 1976-77)
• 1978: L-R-G / The Maze / S II Examples (Nessa)
• 1979: Sketches from Bamboo (Moers)
• 1999: Nine to Get Ready (ECM; recorded 1997)

With David Murray

• 1980: Ming (Black Saint)
• 1982: Home (Black Saint; recorded 1981)

With Richard Teitelbaum

• 1988: Concerto Grosso (hat Hut)
• 1993: Cyberband (Moers)
• 1995: Golem (Tzadik)

With others

• 1977: Barry Altschul, You Can't Name Your Own Tune (Muse)
• 1979: Fred Anderson, Another Place (Moers)
• 1979: Jacques Bekaert, Summer Music 1970 (Lovely/Vital)
• 1979: Leo Smith Creative Orchestra, Budding of a Rose (Moers)
• 1979: Leroy Jenkins, Space Minds, New Worlds, Survival of America (Tomato)
• 1979: Sam Rivers, Contrasts (ECM)
• 1981: Material, Memory Serves (Celluloid)
• 1981: John Zorn, Archery (Parachute)
• 1981: Laurie Anderson, Big Science (Warner Bros.)
• 1982: John Lindberg Trio, Give and Take (Black Saint)
• 1983: Rhys Chatham, Factor X (Moers)
• 1985: Evan Parker (with Lewis, Barry Guy, Paul Lytton), Hook, Drift & Shuffle (Incus)
• 1985: Joelle Leandre, Les Douze Sons (NATO)
• 1986: Ushio Torikai, Go Where? (Victor)
• 1986: Irene Schweizer, Live at Taktlos (Intakt)
• 1987: Joe Sachse with David Moss, Lewis, Berlin Tango (Jazzwerkstatt)
• 1987: Heiner Goebbels, Der Mann im Fahrstuhl (ECM)
• 1988: Schweizer, The Storming of the Winter Palace (Intakt)
• 1996: India Cooke, RedHanded (Music & Arts)
• 1997: Steve Coleman, Genesis & The Opening of the Way (BMG/RCA Victor)
• 1998: Evod Magek, Through Love to Freedom (Black Pot)
• 1998: Miya Masaoka Orchestra, What Is the Difference Between Stripping and Playing the Violin? (Victo)
• 1999: NOW Orchestra, WOWOW (Spool)
• 2001: Bert Turetzky & Mike Wofford, Transition and Transformation (Nine Winds)
• 2008: Musica Elettronica Viva, MEV 40 (New World)
• 2009: Paul Rutherford, Tetralogy (Emanem)

Solo and chamber music

• "Toneburst" (1976) for three trombones
• "Endless Shout" (1994), for piano
• "Collage" (1995), for poet and chamber orchestra, with text by Quincy Troupe
• "Ring Shout Ramble" (1998), for saxophone quartet
• "Signifying Riffs" (1998), for string quartet and percussion
• "Dancing in the Palace" (2009), for tenor voice and viola, with text by Donald Hall
• "Ikons" (2010), for octet
• "The Will To Adorn" (2011), for large chamber ensemble
• "Thistledown" (2012), for quartet
• "Float, Sting" (2018), for sextet

Electronics

• "Atlantic" (1978), for amplified trombones with resonant filters
• "Nightmare At The Best Western" (1992), for baritone voice and six instruments
• "Virtual Discourse" (1993), composition for infrared-controlled "virtual percussion" and four percussionists
• "North Star Boogaloo" (1996), for percussionist and computer,with text by Quincy Troupe
• "Crazy Quilt" (2002), for infrared-controlled "virtual percussion" and four percussionists
• "Hello Mary Lou" (2007) for chamber ensemble and live electronics
• "Sour Mash" (2009), composition for vinyl turntablists, with Marina Rosenfeld
• "Les Exercices Spirituels" (2010) for eight instruments and computer sound spatialization
• "Anthem" (2011), for chamber ensemble with electronics

Installations

• "Mbirascope/Algorithme et kalimba" (1985), interactive mbira-driven audiovisual installation, with David Behrman
• "A Map of the Known World" (1987), interactive mbira-driven audiovisual installation, with David Behrman
• "Rio Negro" (1992), robotic-acoustic sound-sculpture installation, with Douglas Ewart
• "Information Station No. 1" (2000), multi-screen videosonic interactive installation for the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant, San Diego, Calif.
• "Rio Negro II" (2007), robotic-acoustic sound installation, with Douglas Ewart and Douglas Irving Repetto.
• "Travelogue" (2009), sound installation
• "Ikons" (2010), interactive sound sculpture, with Eric Metcalfe

Interactive computer music

• "The KIM and I" (1979), for micro-computer and improvising musician
• "Chamber Music for Humans and Non-Humans" (1980),for micro-computer and improvising musician
• "Rainbow Family" (1984), for soloists with multiple interactive computer systems
• "Voyager" (1987), for improvising soloist and interactive “virtual orchestra"
• "Virtual Concerto" (2004), for improvising computer piano soloist and orchestra
• "Interactive Trio" (2007), for interactive computer-driven piano, human pianist, and additional instrumentalist
• "Interactive Duo" (2007), for interactive computer-driven piano and human instrumentalist

Music Theatre

• "The Empty Chair" (1986), computer-driven videosonic music theatre work
• "Changing With The Times" (1991), radiophonic/music theatre work

Creative orchestra

• "The Shadowgraph Series, 1-5" (1975–77)
• "Hello and Goodbye" (1976/2000)
• "Angry Bird" (2007)
• "Fractals" (2007)
• "Shuffle" (2007)
• "The Chicken Skin II" (2007)
• "Something Like Fred" (2009)
• "Triangle" (2009)
• Minds in Flux (2021)

Graphic and instructional scores

• "Monads" (1977), graphic score for any instrumentation
• "The Imaginary Suite" (1977), two movements for tape, live electronics, and instruments
• "Chicago Slow Dance" (1977), for electro-acoustic ensemble
• "Blues" (1979), graphic score for four instruments
• "Homage to Charles Parker" (1979), for improvisors and electronics
• "Sequel" (2004), for eight electro-acoustic performers
• "Artificial Life 2007" (2007), composition for improvisors with open instrumentation

Monographs

• Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226477039.

Edited collections

• Kisiedu, Harald; Lewis, George E., eds. (2023). Composing While Black: Afrodiasporische Neue Musik Heute / Afrodiasporic New Music Today (in German and English). Wolke Verlag. ISBN 9783955932626.
• Lewis, George E.; Piekut, Benjamin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Critical Improvisation Studies: Volume 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195370935.
• Lewis, George E.; Piekut, Benjamin, eds. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Critical Improvisation Studies: Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190627973.

Articles and book chapters