Arnold Lewis Raphel

Arnold Lewis Raphel (March 16, 1943 – August 17, 1988) was the 18th United States Ambassador to Pakistan.

Raphel was born 16 March 1943 in Troy, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Harry and Sarah (Rote-Rosen) Raphel. He had at least one brother, Murray.

As a boy, Raphel was already interested in diplomacy and international affairs. At age 12, he wrote to the then Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, regarding his interest in diplomacy. Dulles wrote back in reply, advising him to "study hard, work hard and we’ll see you in ten years." That is what happened: Raphel graduated from Hamilton College (B.A., 1964) and the Maxwell School at Syracuse University (M.A., 1966), and joined the foreign service the same year. Apart from English, Raphel was proficient in French, Urdu and Persian.

Raphel joined the US State Department in 1966. He held a variety of positions throughout his career until his death in 1988. He was mainly a diplomat for the US Government.

Iran hostage crisis

In 1979, Raphel was a key member of the State Department's Special Operations Group set up to free the American hostages seized by Iranian militants at the United States Embassy in Tehran.

Office of United States Secretary of State

In 1981, Raphel served as the Special Assistant to Secretary of State Edmund Muskie. Afterward, he became the Deputy Assistant to the United States Secretary of State in 1985.

Ambassador to Pakistan

Raphel was nominated by President Ronald Reagan and succeeded Dean Roesch Hinton as US Ambassador to Pakistan in January 1987.

Awards

• Presidential Citizens Medal (1989)

• ^ http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB7C36F1C888E44&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
• ^ Binder, David (August 18, 1988). "Arnold L. Raphel: An Envoy of Deep Commitment". New York Times. 
• https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7aROAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KvsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7052,2705241&dq=united+states+deputy+secretary+of+state+arnold+raphel&hl=en
• http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675022339_Senator-Jim-Sasser-and-Arnold-L-Raphel_Afghanistan-situation_correspondent-from-Geneva
• http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/july-dec85/afghan_12-27.html

Raphel was married three times. His first wife was Myrna Feigenbaum, by whom he had one daughter, Stephanie. In 1978, he married fellow diplomat Robin Raphel; the marriage, which was childless, ended in divorce two years later. In 1987, he married another fellow diplomat, Nancy Halliday Ely-Raphel; he was her third husband and both of her previous marriages had ended in divorce. They had been married for around a year when he died in an aircrash in August 1988.

Raphel was serving as US ambassador to Pakistan, and was travelling in the plane with President Zia-ul-Haq, when the plane crashed, resulting in the death of 34 people, including him and President Haq. This happened on 17 August 1988.

Raphel was 45 years old. He was survived by both his parents, who were living in retirement by then in Atlantic City, N.J., and by his only daughter Stephanie, who was living with her mother, Myrna Feigenbaum, in Orlando, Florida. Raphel was also survived by his third wife, Nancy.