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Thomas Babington (18 December 1758 – 21 November 1837) was an English philanthropist and politician. He was a member of the Clapham Sect, alongside more famous abolitionists such as William Wilberforce and Hannah More. An active anti-slavery campaigner, he had reservations about the participation of women associations in the movement.
He was the eldest son of Thomas Babington of Rothley Temple, Leicestershire from whom he inherited Rothley and other land in Leicestershire in 1776. He was part of the Babington family. He was educated at Rugby School and St John's College, Cambridgewhere he met William Wilberforce and other prominent anti-slavery agitators. In 1787 he married Jean Macaulay, sister of Zachary Macaulay, a leader of the anti-slavery movement in the early 19th century. Babington was an evangelical Christian of independent means who devoted himself to a number of good causes. He offered to pay half the cost of smallpox inoculation for people in Rothley in 1784-5. He set up a local Friendly Society to purchase corn for sale to the poor at a lower price to improve the lives and diet of his estate workers. Trusts he set up to provide housing in local villages still exist today. He supported moves to extend voting rights to more people.
He was High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 1780 and MP for Leicester from 1800 to 1818. He died at Rothley Temple in 1837 at the age of 78, and is buried in the chapel there.
His nephew was Thomas Babington Macaulay.