Robert Dundas of Arniston, the Elder

Robert Dundas of Arniston, the Elder, 2nd Lord Arniston (1685–1753) was a Scottish lawyer, politician and judge.
The second son of Robert Dundas (d. 1726) he served as Solicitor General for Scotland from 1717 to 1720 and as Lord Advocate from 1720 to 1725. He was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates from 1721.
He was Member of Parliament for Midlothian from 1722 to 1727, 1727 to 1734 and 1734–7; He was chief adviser of Lord Ilay's opponents. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1748 to 1753. In 1728 he reintroduced into Scottish juries the possible verdicts of guilty or not guilty as against proven or not proven.

Robert Dundas was the second son of Robert Dundas, Lord Arniston, a judge of the court of session, who died in 1726, by Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert Sinclair of Stevenson, was born on 9 December 1685.

Dundas was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 26 July 1709, and without any great application soon became a profound lawyer. Interest and talent secured his advancement, and in 1717 he was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland. Though more highly trusted than Sir David Dalrymple, the Lord Advocate, by the Duke of Roxburghe, he felt this an irksome position, and in 1718 applied to succeed Eliot of Minto on the bench; but the place was already given to Sir Walter Pringle. However, he was made, in 1720, Lord Advocate, in succession to Dalrymple. On 9 December 1721 he became dean of the Faculty of Advocates. On 11 July 1721 he resigned the post of assessor to the city of Edinburgh, which he had held previously to his advancement, and an acrimonious correspondence took place between him and the magistrates of Edinburgh.

He sat in the parliaments of 1722–7, 1727–34, and 1734–7 as M.P. for the county of Midlothian. He opposed the malt-tax in 1724, when the Argyll party came with Robert Walpole into power. He held himself somewhat aloof at first from politics, and on the advice of the Duke of Roxburghe forbore next year to join the party forming against the Duke of Argyll, but soon engaged in a violent and even factious opposition to government. In 1727 he opposed the address of the lords of session to the king with a counter address complaining of the malt-tax, and in 1730 promoted a bill to give the court of session the power of adjourning.

With Erskine of Grange, Dundas was the chief adviser of the opposition formed of representative peers and members of parliament against the administration of Scotch affairs adopted by Lord Ilay, and in 1734 he brought before the House of Commons the proceedings at the recent election of Scotch peers. This opposition movement was, however, unsuccessful.

On 10 June 1737, in succession to Sir Walter Pringle of Newhall, he was appointed a judge of the court of session, but in 1745 he was only dissuaded by his son Robert from retiring into private life. This resolution, it was believed, he would have carried out in 1748 had his hopes of the lord presidency been disappointed; the ministry and independent Whigs, however, after a vacancy of nine months, overbore the resistance of the Duke of Argyll, and on 10 September 1748 he succeeded Duncan Forbes of Culloden as lord president, which office he worthily filled till his death at Abbey Hill, Edinburgh, on 26 August 1753. He was buried on 31 Aug in the family tomb at Borthwick.

Dunas's most famous case was his defence of James Carnegie of Finhaven in 1728 on his trial for the murder of Charles, earl of Strathmore, whom he killed in a drunken brawl by mistake for Lyon of Bridgeton. The original practice was to allow the jury to find the prisoner generally guilty or not guilty; about the time of Charles II this was altered to a finding upon the facts of proven or not proven. In this case it was clear that Carnegie killed Strathmore. If the jury were to find the fact proven, leaving the court to pronounce the legal effect of that finding, Carnegie was a dead man. Dundas forced the court to return to the older course, and the jury found Carnegie not guilty, and this practice was adopted in subsequent cases.

As an advocate he was both eloquent and ingenious; in private life idle and convivial. Dundas's appearance was forbidding and his voice harsh; his portrait is preserved at Arniston, and is engraved in the Arniston Memoirs.

Dundas married, twice. In 1712, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Robert Watson of Muirhouse, who, with four of his children, died in January 1734 of smallpox, and by her he had a son, Robert, afterwards lord president, and other children.

On 3 June 1734, he married Anne, daughter of Sir William Gordon, bart., of Invergordon, by whom he had five sons and a daughter. One of these sons, Henry, was Treasurer of the Navy and 1st Viscount Melville.