Jeongjong of Joseon

Jeongjong of Joseon (18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419), born Yi Bang-gwa, whose changed name is Yi Gyeong, was the second king of Joseon (or Chosun) Dynasty (1399–1400). He was the second son of King Taejo of Joseon, the founder and first king of the dynasty.

Born in 1357 as Yi Bang-Gwa, he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo Dynasty, Jeongjong followed his father, Yi Seonggye, to various battlefronts and fought at his side. When his father became king in 1392, he became prince.

King Taejo had two wives—the first one, who gave birth to six of the king's sons including Jeongjong, died before King Taejo was crowned. Taejo had second wife, who had 2 sons from him. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. In 1398, King Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, who later would be King Taejong of Joseon, led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two brothers, Prime Minister Jeong, and many of his faction. Yi Bang-won first tried to show that he was not intended to take the throne, so he gave a push to his older brother Jeongjong (who was also the oldest then), to be a crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and Jeongjong became king in the following year, 1399. The same year he moved the capital back to Gaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital.

In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bang-won and his older brother, Yi Bang-gan. Yi Bang-won's force attacked and defeated that of Bang-gan's, Bang-gan was then sent into exile along with his family. General Bak Bo, who persuaded Bang-gan to fight against Bangwon, was executed. King Jeongjong, knowing the acting king of the kingdom was his younger brother Bangwon, appointed him as a crown prince, and abdicated a few days later.

He was an able, wise administrator even though his short reign was marked by bloodshed within the royal family. He banned all kinds of private troops on the advice of Crown Prince Bangwon. He died in 1419, and was buried near Kaeseong.

Ancestors

Family

• Father: King Taejo of Joseon (27 October 1335 – 18 June 1408) (조선 태조)
  • Grandfather: King Hwanjo of Joseon (1315 – 1 January 1361) (조선 환조)
  • Grandmother: Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choi clan (의혜왕후 최씨)
• Mother: Queen Shinui of the Anbyeon Han clan (September 1337 – 21 October 1391) (신의왕후 한씨)
  • Grandfather: Han Gyeong (한경)
  • Grandmother: Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan (삭녕 신씨)
• Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):

1. Queen Jeongan of the Gyeongju Kim (22 January 1355 – 2 August 1412) (정안왕후 김씨)
2. Royal Noble Consort Seong of the Chungju Ji clan (성빈 지씨)
   1. Yi Hu-Saeng, Prince Deokcheon (1397 – 1465) (이후생 덕천군)
   2. Yi Mal-Saeng, Prince Dopyeong (1402 – 1439) (이말생 도평군)
3. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Chungju Ji clan (숙의 지씨)
   1. Yi Won-Saeng, Prince Uipyeong (? – 1461) (이원생 의평군)
   2. Yi Mu-Saeng, Prince Seonseong (10 December 1396 – 7 July 1460) (이무생 선성군)
   3. Yi Ho-Saeng, Prince Imseong (이호생 임성군)
   4. Princess Hamyang (함양옹주)
4. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan (? – 1457) (숙의 기씨)
   1. Yi Gun-Saeng, Prince Sunpyeong (? – 1456) (이군생 순평군)
   2. Yi Ui-Saeng, Prince Geumpyeong (? – 1435) (이의생 금평군)
   3. Princess Sukshin (1401 – 1486) (숙신옹주)
   4. Yi Yung-Saeng, Prince Jeongseok (1409 – 1464) (이융생 정석군)
   5. Yi Seon-Saeng, Prince Murim (1410 – 1474) (이선생 무림군)
   6. Princess Goseong (고성옹주)
   7. Princess Sangwon (상원옹주)
   8. Princess Jeonsan (전산옹주)
5. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Mun clan (숙의 문씨)
   1. Yi Gwi-Saeng, Prince Jongui (1393 – 1451) (이귀생 종의군)
6. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Lee clan (숙의 이씨)
   1. Yi Jong-Saeng, Prince Jinnam (1406 – 1470) (이종생 진남군)
7. Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haepyeong Yun clan (1368 - 1417) (숙의 윤씨)
   1. Yi Deok-Saeng, Prince Sudo (? – 1449) (이덕생 수도군)
   2. Yi Nok-Saeng, Prince Imeon (1399 – 1432) (이녹생 임언군)
   3. Yi Bok-Saeng, Prince Seokbo (1399 – 1447) (이복생 석보군)
   4. Yi Bo-Saeng, Prince Jangcheon (이보생 장천군)
   5. Princess Incheon (인천옹주)
   6. Princess Haman (함안옹주)
8. Princess Gaui of the Yu clan (가의궁주 유씨)
   1. Princess Deokcheon (덕천옹주)
9. Cho Gung-Jang (초궁장)
10. Ki-Mae (기매)

• King Jeongjong Gongjeong Uimun Jangmu Onin Sunhyo the Great of Korea
• 정종공정의문장무온인순효대왕
• 定宗恭靖懿文莊武溫仁順孝大王

• Portrayed by Nam Seong-sik in the 1983 KBS TV series Foundation of the Kingdom.
• Portrayed by Lee Young-ho in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
• Portrayed by Tae Min-young in the 1996-1998 KBS TV series Tears of the Dragon.
• Portrayed by No Young-gook in the 2008 KBS TV series The Great King, Sejong.
• Portrayed by Oh Hee-joon in the 2012-2013 SBS TV series The Great Seer.
• Portrayed by Lee Tae-rim in the 2014 KBS1 TV series Jeong Do-jeon.
• Portrayed by Seo Dong-won in the 2015-2016 SBS TV series Six Flying Dragons.