James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave

James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave KG PC FRS (4 March 1715 – 13 April 1763) was a British statesman.

The eldest son of the 1st Earl Waldegrave, Waldegrave was educated at Westminster and Eton and he inherited his father's titles in 1741. He was a Lord of the Bedchamber from 1743–52, appointed to the Privy Council in 1752 and Governor to The Prince of Wales and The Prince Edward from 1752–56. On 15 May 1759, he married Maria Walpole, the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole and they had three daughters:

• Lady Elizabeth Laura Waldegrave (1760–1816), married her cousin, the 4th Earl Waldegrave. Three sons became Earls Waldegrave and all succeeding earls are descended from this marriage.
• Lady Charlotte Maria Waldegrave (1761–1808), married the 4th Duke of Grafton. All succeeding Dukes of Grafton are descended from this marriage.
• Lady (Anna) Horatia Waldegrave (1762–1801) later Lady Hugh Seymour, married Lord Hugh Seymour and had issue. She is an ancestress of Diana, Princess of Wales, and 5th great-grandmother of The Duke of Cambridge. At Lord Seymour's death in 1779, she was perhaps secretly engaged to be married to Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster (1756–1779), as she is said by her uncle Horace Walpole and others to have put on mourning for the dissolute young Duke.

After the resignation of The Duke of Newcastle in November 1756, George II dismissed William Pitt (the driving force of the new government) in April 1757 and invited Lord Waldegrave to take over from Newcastle's successor, The Duke of Devonshire as First Lord of the Treasury. And so, Devonshire was briefly dismissed and Lord Waldegrave tried to form a government from 8–12 June that year but failed to do so and stepped down, partly because he feared that as Prime Minister, he would fall out with his close friend, the King (as his predecessors had done). Devonshire then continued as First Lord and Prime Minister for almost another two weeks and Newcastle returned a week later.

Lord Waldegrave was awarded the Garter soon after and retired from public life upon the accession of George III in 1760. He died of smallpox three years later and lacking male heirs, his titles passed to his younger brother, John.

After his death, his widow Maria married into the British Royal Family becoming the wife of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, King George III's brother

• Note: Lord Waldegrave is not usually counted as Prime Minister or First Lord of the Treasury, but as he was, he is sometimes regarded as the second-shortest-serving Prime Minister in British history. (See also William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath.)

• Allan Chivers. The Berties of Grimsthorpe Castle p. 228
• "To Lady Horatia Waldegrave, on the death of the Duke of Ancaster" published by Strawberry Hill Press 1779.