Jacques Delille

Jacques Delille (French: [dəlil]; 22 June 1738 – 1 May 1813) was a French poet, freemason and translator. He was born at Aigueperse in Auvergne and died in Paris.

Delille was an illegitimate child, and was descended by his mother from the chancellor De l'Hôpital. He was educated at the College of Lisieux in Paris and became an elementary teacher. He gradually acquired a reputation as a poet by his epistles, in which things are not called by their ordinary names but are hinted at by elaborate paraphrases. Sugar becomes le miel américain, Que du suc des roseaux exprima l'Africain.

The publication (1769) of his translation of the Georgics of Virgil made him famous. Voltaire recommended the poet for the next vacant place in the Académie française. He was at once elected a member, but was not admitted until 1774 owing to the opposition of the king, who alleged that he was too young. In his Jardins, ou l'art d'embellir les paysages (1782) he made good his pretensions as an original poet. In 1786 he made a journey to Constantinople in the train of the ambassador M. de Choiseul-Gouffier.

Delille had become professor of Latin poetry at the Collège de France, and abbot of Saint-Sévrin, when the outbreak of the French Revolution reduced him to poverty. He purchased his personal safety by professing his adherence to revolutionary doctrine, but eventually quit Paris, and retired to Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, where he completed his translation of the Aeneid.

Delille emigrated first to Basel and then to Glairesse in Switzerland. Here he finished his Homme des champs, and his poem on the Trois règnes de la nature. His next place of refuge was in Germany, where he composed his La Pitié; and finally, he passed some time in London, chiefly employed in translating Paradise Lost. In 1802 he was able to return to Paris, where, although nearly blind, he resumed his professorship and his chair at the Académie française, but lived in retirement. He fortunately did not outlive the vogue of the descriptive poems which were his special province.

Delille left behind him little prose. His preface to the translation of the Georgics is an able essay, and contains many excellent hints on the art and difficulties of translation. He wrote the article Jean de La Bruyère in the Biographie universelle. The following is the list of his poetical works:

• Les Géorgiques de Virgile, traduites en vers français (Paris, 1769, 1782, 1785, 1809)
• Les Jardins, en quatre chants (1780; new edition, Paris, 1801)
• L'Homme des champs, ou les Géorgiques françaises (Strasbourg, 1800)
• Poésies fugitives (1802)
• Dithyrambe sur l'immortalité de l'âme, suivi du passage du Saint Gothard, pome traduit de l'anglais de Madame la duchesse de Devonshire (1802)
• La Pitié, poeme en quatre chants (Paris, 1802)
• L'Énéide de Virgile, traduite en vers français (4 vols., 1804)
• Le Paradis perdu (3 vols., 1804)
• L'Imagination, poème en huit chants (2 vols., 1806)
• Les trois règnes de la nature (2 vols., 1808)
• La Conversation (1812).

A collection given under the title of Poésies diverses (1801) was disavowed by Delille.

His Œuvres (16 vols.) were published in 1824. See Sainte-Beuve, Portraits littéraires, vol. ii.