Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch

Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry KG KT FRSE (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812) was a Scottish nobleman and long-time friend of the notable Sir Walter Scott. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

Much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated during Henry's tenure as Duke. He integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".

Henry Scott was the fourth child of five born to Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch) and his wife, Caroline Campbell, and the third-born and only surviving male heir. He was baptised on 29 September 1746 at St. George's Church, St. George Street, Hanover Square, London, England. His father, Francis Scott died of smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch on 22 April 1751, at the age of just four.

Educated at Eton College, through his stepfather Charles Townshend, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained lifelong friends with Adam Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.

On 2 May 1767, he married Lady Elizabeth Montagu, the eldest daughter of Lady Mary Montagu and George (Brudenell) Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London. Elizabeth's grandparents were Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu and Lady Mary Churchill, and Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (first creation) and Elizabeth Wriothesley (daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton). Her maternal great-grandparents were John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Jenyns.

Henry and Elizabeth had seven children together:

• Lady Elizabeth Scott (died 29 Jun 1837), married Alexander Home, 10th Earl of Home and had issue.
• George Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (25 March 1768 – 29 May 1768)
• Lady Mary Scott (21 May 1769 – 21 April 1823), married James Stopford, 3rd Earl of Courtown and had issue.
• Sir Charles William Henry Montagu Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch & 6th Duke of Queensberry (24 May 1772 – 20 April 1819)
• Lady Caroline Scott (6 July 1774 – 29 April 1854), married Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry and had issue.
• Henry James Montagu Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton (16 December 1776 – 30 October 1845)
• Lady Harriet Scott (1 December 1780 – 18 April 1833), married William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian and had issue.

The Montagu line

The Duchess of Buccleuch by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1767.

When Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu died on 5 July 1749, his estate had been entailed to his daughter, Lady Mary Montagu, who was married to Sir George Brudenell, the 4th Earl of Cardigan. The Montagu peerages, like most English peerages, were limited to heirs male, and became extinct with the 2nd Duke. However, within ten days after Montagu’s death, Cardigan adopted the Montagu name and coat of arms for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue. Seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III created him Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer.

The first Duke of the 1766 creation died 23 May 1790 — also survived only by a daughter, Elizabeth, now Duchess of Buccleuch. Once again the Montagu peerages became extinct. Elizabeth inherited only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House in Weekley, Northamptonshire. Like his father-in-law, Buccleuch wished to perpetuate the Montagu name, and adopted the unhyphenated surname Montagu Scott.

The Douglas line

William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry never married; when he died on 23 December 1810, his peerages and entailments passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry's grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry’s first cousin once removed. Buccleuch then added the surname to his own, forming the unhyphenated surname Montagu Douglas Scott which the family bears to this day.

The Duke of Buccleuch by Philip Audinet, 1798.

Buccleuch was Governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland from 1777 to 1812. He was President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh from 1783 to 1812. He was Lord-Lieutenant of Haddington from 1794 to 1812, and Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian from 1794 to 1812. In 1778, he raised successfully a regiment of Fencibles. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 9 May 1803.

Buccleuch died at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812, aged 65. He was buried in the family crypt of the Buccleuch Memorial Chapel in St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Dalkeith, Midlothian. The church is located on High Street in Dalkeith, at the entrance to Dalkeith Country Park.

• 31 January 1748 – 31 March 1750: Lord Eskdaill
• 1 April 1750 – 21 April 1751: Earl of Dalkeith
• 22 April 1751 – 22 December 1810: His Grace The Duke of Buccleuch
• 1778 – 1812: Captain General of the Royal Company of Archers
• 1767: Appointed Knight of the Thistle (KT)
• 1794: Appointed Knight of the Garter (KG) (resigning as Knight of the Thistle)
• 1802: Inherited the Lordship of Bowland from his wife's brother-in-law, 1st Earl of Beaulieu
• 23 December 1810 – 11 January 1812: His Grace The Duke of Buccleuch and of Queensberry