Gregory Hines

Gregory Oliver Hines (February 14, 1946 – August 9, 2003) was an American dancer, actor, choreographer and singer. He is considered one of the most celebrated tap dancers of all time.

Hines starred in more than forty films and also made his mark on Broadway during his lifetime. He was the recipient of many accolades, including a Daytime Emmy Award, a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award, as well as nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award and four Primetime Emmy Awards.

Hines was born in New York City on February 14, 1946 to Alma Iola (Lawless) and Maurice Robert Hines, a dancer, musician, and actor, and grew up in the Sugar Hill neighborhood of Manhattan's Harlem. Hines began tap dancing when he was two years old, and began dancing semi professionally at age five. After that, he and his older brother Maurice performed together, studying with choreographer Henry LeTang.

Gregory and Maurice also studied with veteran tap dancers, such as Howard Sims and The Nicholas Brothers when they performed at the same venues. The two brothers were known as The Hines Kids, making nightclub appearances at venues in Miami, Florida, with Cab Calloway. They were later known as "The Hines Brothers."

When their father joined the act as a drummer, the name changed again in 1963, to Hines, Hines, and Dad.

Tap dance

Hines was an avid improviser of tap steps, tap sounds, and tap rhythms alike. His improvisation was like that of a drummer, doing a solo and coming up with rhythms. He also improvised the phrasing of a number of tap steps, mainly based on sound produced. A laid-back dancer, he usually wore loose fitting pants and a tighter shirt.

Although he inherited the roots and tradition of the black rhythmic tap, he also promoted the new black rhythmic tap. "He purposely obliterated the tempos," wrote tap historian Sally Sommer, "throwing down a cascade of taps like pebbles tossed across the floor. In that moment, he aligned tap with the latest free form experiments in jazz and new music and postmodern dance."

Throughout his career, Hines wanted and continued to be an advocate for tap in America. He successfully petitioned the creation of National Tap Dance Day in May 1989, which is now celebrated in forty cities in the United States, as well as eight other nations. He was on the board of directors of Manhattan Tap, a member of the Jazz Tap Ensemble, and a member of the American Tap Dance Foundation, which was formerly called the American Tap Dance Orchestra.

In 1989, he created and hosted a PBS special called "Gregory Hines' Tap Dance in America," which featured various tap dancers such as Savion Glover and Bunny Briggs.

In 1990, Hines visited his idol (and Tap co-star) Sammy Davis Jr., who was dying of throat cancer and was unable to speak. After Davis died, an emotional Hines spoke at Davis's funeral of how Sammy had made a gesture to him, "as if passing a basketball … and I caught it." Hines spoke of the honor that Sammy thought that Hines could carry on from where he left off.

Through his teaching, he influenced tap dancers such as Savion Glover, Dianne Walker, Ted Levy, and Jane Goldberg. In an interview with The New York Times in 1988, Hines said that everything he did was influenced by his dancing: "my singing, my acting, my lovemaking, my being a parent."

Stage acting

Hines made his Broadway debut with his brother in The Girl in Pink Tights in 1954. He earned Tony Award nominations for Eubie! (1979), Comin' Uptown (1980), and Sophisticated Ladies (1981), and won the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for Jelly's Last Jam (1992) and the Theatre World Award for Eubie!.

Music

Hines performed as the lead singer and musician in a rock band called Severance based in Venice, Los Angeles in 1975 and 1976. Severance was one of the house bands at an original music club called Honky Hoagies Handy Hangout, otherwise known as the 4H Club. Severance released their self-titled debut album on Largo Records (a subsidiary of GNP Crescendo) in 1976.

In 1986, he sang a duet with Luther Vandross called "There's Nothing Better Than Love", which reached the No. 1 position on the Billboard R&B charts.

Film and television

In 1981, Hines made his movie debut in Mel Brooks's History of the World, Part I, replacing Richard Pryor, who had originally been cast in the role but suffered severe burns in a house fire just days before he was due to begin shooting. Madeline Kahn, also starring in the film, suggested to director Mel Brooks that he look into Hines for the role after they learned of Pryor's hospitalization. He appeared in the horror film Wolfen later that year.

Hines's peak as an actor came in the mid-1980s. He had a large role in The Cotton Club (1984), where he and his brother Maurice (in Maurice's sole film credit) played a 1930s tap-dancing duo reminiscent of the Nicholas Brothers. Hines co-starred with Mikhail Baryshnikov in the 1985 film White Nights, and co-starred with Billy Crystal in the 1986 buddy cop film Running Scared. He starred in the 1989 film Tap opposite Sammy Davis Jr. (in Davis's last screen performance). He appeared in the highly successful 1995 film Waiting to Exhale. On television, he starred in his own sitcom in 1997, The Gregory Hines Show, which ran for one season on CBS, and had a recurring role of Ben Doucette on Will & Grace.

In an interview in 1987, Hines said that he often looked for roles written for white actors, "preferring their greater scope and dynamics." His Will & Grace role, for example, never made reference to race. Of his role in Running Scared, he said that he enjoyed that his character had sex scenes, because "usually, the black guy has no sexuality at all."

Hines starred in the 1998 film The Tic Code. He voiced Big Bill in the Nick Jr. animated children series Little Bill, which ran from 1999 to 2004. He won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program for the role in 2003.

Other

Hines co-hosted the Tony Awards ceremony in 1995 and 2002.

Hines's marriages to Patricia Panella and Pamela Koslow ended in divorce. He had two children, a son named Zach and a daughter named Daria, as well as a stepdaughter named Jessica Koslow, and a grandson.

Hines died of liver cancer on August 9, 2003, en route to the hospital from his home in Los Angeles. He had been diagnosed with the disease more than one year earlier, but informed only his closest friends. At the time of his death, production of the television show Little Bill was ending, and he was engaged to female bodybuilder Negrita Jayde, who was based in Toronto. Hines is buried at St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery in Oakville, Ontario.

Jayde died of cancer on August 28, 2009, at the age of 51, just weeks after holding the sixth annual memorial/celebration to Hines. On January 28, 2019, the United States Postal Service honored Hines with a postage stamp, issued with a ceremony at the Buffalo Academy for Visual and Performing Arts. The stamp is part of its Black Heritage Series.

Awards

• 1979 Theatre World Award—Eubie!
• 1988 Image Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture — Running Scared
• 1992 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical — Jelly's Last Jam
• 1992 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actor in a Musical — Jelly's Last Jam
• 1998 Flo-Bert Award — Lifetime Achievement in Tap Dance by the New York Committee to Celebrate National Tap Dance Day
• 2002 Image Awards Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini Series or Dramatic Special — Bojangles
• 2003 Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program — Little Bill

Nominations

• 1979 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical—Eubie!
• 1980 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical—Comin' Uptown
• 1981 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical—Sophisticated Ladies
• 1982 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement—Special Class—I Love Liberty
• 1985 Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program—Motown Returns to the Apollo
• 1989 Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program—Great Performances: Tap Dance in America
• 1992 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Choreography—Jelly's Last Jam
• 1992 Tony Award for Best Choreography—Jelly's Last Jam
• 1995 Image Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture—Waiting to Exhale
• 1998 American Comedy Awards Funniest Male Guest Appearance in a TV Series—Will & Grace
• 1998 Image Awards Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series—The Gregory Hines Show
• 2001 Black Reel Awards Network/Cable Best Actor—Bojangles
• 2001 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie—Bojangles
• 2001 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries—Bojangles
• 2003 Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Special—The Red Sneakers
• 2003 Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Children's Special—The Red Sneakers