Quick Facts
Biography
George Kruger Gray (25 December 1880 – 2 May 1943) was an English artist, best remembered for his designs of coinage and stained glass windows.
Personal life
He received his tertiary education at the Bath School of Art (today Bath School of Art and Design a department of Bath Spa University). There he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London from which he graduated with the Diploma in Design in his birth name George Edward Kruger.
During the First World War, George Kruger served with the Artists Rifles and a camouflage unit of the Royal Engineers. Here he was hiding military items, and made dummy objects to irritate enemy forces.
In 1918, after his marriage to (Frances) Audrey Gordon Gray, he changed his name to George Kruger Gray.
After the war, he carried on with his career as an artist. In 1923, he exhibited his numismatic works at the Royal Academy of Arts. He won a great reputation and orders to design the coinage for Great Britain.
In 1938, he became a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)
He specialized not only in the design of numismatic items. He also designed and made lead-glass windows for churches, universities etc. He illustrated books, and made posters and cartoons.
George Edward Kruger Gray died in Chichester, West Sussex, on 2 May 1943.
Coinage
- Kruger Gray designed the Reverse ("Tails") of most of Australia's second set of currency, used from 1937 until the changeover to decimal currency in 1966. This included the halfpenny, penny, threepence, shilling, florin and crown. (The sixpence did not change design.) Additionally, he designed the reverses of the commemorative florins for 1927 and 1935.
- In Canada, he designed the reverse of the one cent (penny) and five cents (nickel) that has been in continual use since 1937 with the exception of special coinage. He also designed the reverse of the 50-cent coin in use from 1937 to 1958.
- For Cyprus, he designed the reverse of the 1938–1940 9 piastres and 18 piastres, 1928 45 and 4½ piastres, and 1947–1949 florin.
- For Great Britain he designed the reverse for the 1927–1945 silver threepence, 1927–1948 sixpence, 1927–1936 shilling, both the Scottish and English motifs for the 1937–1948 shilling, 1927–1948 florin, 1927–1948 half crown, 1927–1936 crown (except for the 1935 Jubilee crown), and 1937 crown. The 1927 date was issued on as proof specimens. His designs for the shilling (both designs), florin and half crown were continued from 1949-1952, though do not bear his initials 'KG' because the inscription had been modified by the omission of 'IND:IMP' and the layout was therefore modified by another hand.
- For Jersey, he designed the reverse for the 1927–1952 1/12th shilling (the penny) and the 1/24th shilling (the halfpenny).
- For Mauritius, he designed the reverse for the 1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents and 10 cents for 1937 to 1978, and the 1/4, 1/2 and 1 rupee of 1934–1978, though some of his designs are still being used in the 21st century.
- For New Guinea, he designed the reverse for the 1936–1944 penny, threepence, sixpence and shilling.
- For New Zealand, he designed the reverse for the threepence (depicting crossed patu), the sixpence (depicting a huia bird), the shilling (depicting a Maori warrior holding a Taiaha), the florin (deplicting a kiwi), and the half crown reverse 1933–1965.
- For South Africa, he designed the reverse for the ¼d (farthing), ½d (halfpenny), 1d (penny), threepence, sixpence, shilling, florin, and half crown 1923–1960, reverse of the 1947 and 1951 crowns which were later used from 1953 to 1960. Reverse 1961–1964 half, two and half, five, ten and twenty cents. The reverse design for the crown (5 shillings) of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II was later used for the Krugerrand beginning in 1967.
- For Southern Rhodesia, he designed the reverse side of the 1932–1952 threepence, the 1932–1952 sixpence, the 1932–1952 shilling, the 1932–1954 two shillings, and the 1932–1952 half crown.
Other works
Kruger Gray was a well known artisan of his time, and produced a number of coats of arms, including the version used by The University of Western Australia from 1929 to 1963. He also designed the Flag of the Colony of Aden.
He also designed what became an important distinction given to the Royal Naval Patrol Service in the form of an exclusive silver badge. Officers and men of the Patrol Service were awarded this badge after a total of six months service at sea. It could also be awarded beforehand to those showing worthy conduct while engaged in action.
Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, 1939 wrote in the following minute:
FIRST LORD to FORTH SEA LORD I am told that the Minesweepers men have no badge. If this is so it must be remedied at once. I am asking Mr. Bracken to call for designs from Sir Kenneth Clark within one week, after which production must begin with the greatest speed, and distribution as the deliveries come to hand.
The design of the badge measured roughly the size of an old shilling. The design had to symbolise the work of both the minesweeping and the anti-submarine personnel. The finished design took the form of a shield upon which a sinking shark, speared by a marline spike, was set against a background made up of a fishing net with two trapped enemy mines. This was flanked by two examples of the nautical knot and at the top the naval crown. Beneath the badge was a scroll bearing the letters M/S-A/S (Minesweeping Anti-Submarine).
The shark symbolised a U-boat and the marline spike the tool of the Merchant navy. The net and the mines were both symbols of the fishermen who now found themselves at war seeking a new deadly catch. Never before had one section of the Royal Navy been similarly honoured.
His design for an insignia to denote the award of a "King's Commendation for Brave Conduct" was accepted and used for a period from 1943.