Brook Bernacchi

Brook Antony Bernacchi OBE, QC, JP (Chinese: 貝納褀; 22 January 1922 – 22 September 1996) was a lawyer and politician in Hong Kong. He was the long-time chairman of the Reform Club of Hong Kong, the then quasi-opposition party in the colony and one of the longest-serving members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, from 1952 to 1981, 1983 to 1986 and 1989 to 1995. He was well known for his efforts of pushing direct elections and political reform in Hong Kong.

Bernacchi was born in London in 1922 and was educated in Westminster School and Cambridge University. He was called to the Bar in 1943 and joined the Royal Marines during the Second World War. He arrived in Hong Kong as part of the liberation forces in 1945 and joined the Hong Kong Bar Association in 1946 and was its chairman in 1963. He also became Queen's Counsel in 1960. He had been the longest standing and most senior member of the Bar.

In 1949, Bernacchi founded the Reform Club of Hong Kong, a political organisation consisting mostly expatriates in the midst of the discussion on the Young Plan, a proposed constitutional reform put forward by Governor Mark Aitchison Young. He represented the Club to run in the first Urban Council election in the post-war period in 1952, and since held the position for the most of his public life.

Under more than 40 years of his chairmanship, the Club was involved in grassroots politics, calling for public housing for all, as thousands of refugees flooded into Hong Kong from the Communist uprising in China. He gained a reputation for outspokenness. For instance, he opposed Financial Secretary Sir Philip Haddon-Cave and his "positive non-interventionism", criticising him for cutting down the overdue housing programme for revenue. He also had some tough words for its appointed members, including chairman A. de O. Sales, whom he accused of running a 'ridiculous organisation with a bunch of government yes men' in the 1980s. He also helped set up various groups including the Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers and the Discharged Prisoners Aid Society.

For his public services, he was awarded Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1965.

He and Elsie Elliott, another Reform Club's Urban Councillor and a prominent social activist, were both questioned after the 1966 Kowloon Riots as they were indirectly involved in the riots by speaking for the protesters. He was also criticised for his dictatorial style of chairing the Club. Elliott resigned from the club after receiving a stern rebuke from Bernacchi for her self-appointed delegation in London in May 1966.

Bernacchi had also been one of the leading voices for constitutional reform in Hong Kong since the 1950s. In 1978, he wrote to the Foreign Secretary David Owen that half of the Hong Kong population, 62 percent of those aged 18 to 34, "positively want a measure of elected representation" to the Legislative Council. He warned the British government that "if the voice of the people is not taken heed of now" there could be "disturbances". The warning received little attention from the government.

Seeing the increasing frustration with the limited franchise and the unwillingness of the government to introduce more elected offices, Bernacchi threatened to boycott the Urban Council elections in 1979. He later on stepped down in 1981, saying he wanted "no more to do with it' when the Government drew back from a pledge of universal suffrage." He also added that "how can one purport of represent nearly six million people in Hong Kong when you have been elected by only 6,000 voters?" He returned to the institutional politics in the following election. In the 1986 election, Bernacchi lost his seat to Cheung Wai-ping in Shau Kei Wan, though he won it back in 1989.

In 1994, he became one of two foreigners appointed Hong Kong district affairs advisers to Beijing. As the political reform and electoral politics developed rapidly in the last years of the colonial rule, Bernacchi announced his retirement from the council in 1995, stating that it was because the council was becoming increasingly politicised.

He married Patricia Sheelagh Heath in 1970. He had three stepchildren, Robert Whitehead, SC (formerly vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association), Dr. Ian Whitehead and Mrs. Sarah Driver (née Whitehead), as well as 11 grandchildren, Dominique Whitehead, Carina Anne Oechsner, Stefan Oechsner, John Brook Whitehead, Max Whitehead, Tiago Whitehead, Hugo Whitehead, Brook Driver, Millicent Driver, Faye Driver, and Archie Driver.

He became the first Westerner to settle on Lantau Island in 1948. Haviing been inspired by the tea farms he visited in Burma during the Second World War, he set up the tea plantation at Ngong Ping next to the Po Lin Monastery. In 1973, he became a chairman of New Lantao Motor Bus Company Ltd. He was also one of the original founders of the Hong Kong Sea School, in Stanley, Hong Kong, which was set up to train young disadvantaged boys for a career in the Navy.

Bernacchi developed a brain tumour in 1961 which was diagnosed as benign but which left him with impaired use of his left arm and a limp. He died of brain tumour on 22 September 1996, aged 74.