Ambrose Spencer

Ambrose Spencer (December 13, 1765, Salisbury, Connecticut – March 13, 1848, Lyons, New York) was an American lawyer and politician.

He attended Yale College from 1779–82, and graduated from Harvard University in 1783. He studied law with John Canfield (ca.1740-1786) at Sharon, Connecticut, with John Bay at Claverack, New York, and with Ezekiel Gilbert at Hudson, New York. He married John Canfield's daughter Laura (1768–1807) in 1784. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Hudson, NY, where he was city clerk from 1786-93. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1793–95, and of the New York State Senate from 1795 to 1804.

From 1796 to 1801, he was Assistant Attorney General for the Third District, comprising Columbia and Rensselaer counties. He was New York Attorney General from 1802 to 1804. From 1804 to 1819, he was an associate justice of the New York Supreme Court, and Chief Justice from 1819 until the end of 1822. He was legislated out of office by the State Constitution of 1821. Governor Joseph C. Yates nominated him to be re-appointed, but this was rejected by Bucktails majority in the State Senate, Spencer having been the longtime leader of the Clintonians.

Spencer was a presidential elector in 1808; a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821; and Mayor of Albany from 1824 to 1826. In 1825, he was the Clintonian candidate for U.S. Senator from New York, and received a majority in the State Assembly. The Bucktails majority in the State Senate did not nominate any candidate, thus preventing Spencer's election on joint ballot. The seat remained vacant until the election of Nathan Sanford in 1826. Afterwards Spencer resumed the practice of law in Albany.

He was elected to the 21st United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1831; during this Congress, he was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. He was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1830 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Judge James H. Peck of the U.S. District Court for the District of Missouri. In 1839, he moved to Lyons, New York, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He presided over the 1844 Whig National Convention in Baltimore, Maryland.

In 1848, he died in Lyons and was buried at the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York.

The University of Pennsylvania awarded him the degree of LL.D. in 1819, and Harvard the same in 1821.

His son John Canfield Spencer was U.S. Secretary of War and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President John Tyler. His grandson Philip Spencer was executed for mutiny in 1842.

After the death of Ambrose's first wife Laura Canfield (1768–1807), he married Mary Clinton (1773–1808, sister of Governor DeWitt Clinton). After Mary's death, he married her sister Katherine Clinton (1778–1837).

U.S Representative James B. Spencer was a distant cousin of him.