Alexandru Sturdza

Alexandru Sturdza (Александр Скарлатович Стурдза; Iași, Moldavia, 18 November 1791 – Odessa, 13 June 1854) was a Russian publicist and diplomat of Romanian origin. In his writings, he referred to himself with a French rendition of his name, Alexandre Stourdza.

Alexandru Sturdza was a member of the Sturdza family, born in Jassy, in Moldavia, and related to the Greek Phanariote family of the Mourousis through his mother. After his family fled Bessarabia in 1802 in order to avoid the repression from the Ottomans, he was educated in Germany and Russia.

He entered the Russian diplomatic service in 1809 and acted as secretary of Ioannis Kapodistrias during the Congress of Vienna. Under this capacity, he drafted the first version of the treaty of the Holy Alliance, from the penciled notes of the Czar Alexander I. Because of his Greek origins and his friendship with Ioannis Kapodistrias, he was a strong supporter of Philhellenism before and during the Greek War of Independence. Together with his sister Roxandra sponsored philanthropic activities to help Greek war refugees.

In 1819 he settled at Dresden and married a daughter of Hufeland. He retired in Odessa in 1830, where he devoted himself to his literary works.

Alexandru Sturdza was brother of Roxandra Edling-Sturdza and a cousin of Mihail Sturdza, prince of Moldavia from 1834 to 1849.

Striving to develop a renovated form of Orthodox Christianity and to promote it in Western Europe, he wrote Considérations sur la doctrine et l'esprit de l'Église orthodoxe (Stuttgart, 1816).

His Mémoire sur l'état actuel de l'Allemagne, written at the request of Tsar Alexander I during the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, was an attack on the German universities, repeated in Coup d'oeil sur les universites de l'Allemagne (Aachen, 1818). It aroused great indignation in Germany, which indignation has been attributed to the levity with which its author arraigned the German national character and branded the universities as hotbeds of the revolutionary spirit and atheism. His other important works are La Grèce in 1821 (Leipzig, 1822) and Oeuvres posthumes religieuses, historiques, philosophiques et litteraires (5 vols., Paris, 1858-1861).