Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Jiluwi

Al Jawhara bint Musaed Al Jiluwi Al Saud (died 1919) was one of King Abdulaziz's spouses. She was the mother of King Khalid who was the fourth ruler of Saudi Arabia.

Al Jawhara bint Musaed was from the Al Jiluwis, a cadet branch of the Al Saud. The family, Al Jiluwi, are significant for Al Sauds since it is composed of the descendants of the younger brother of King Abdulaziz's grandfather Faisal bin Turki Al Saud. The roots of the Al Jiluwis trace back to Prince Jiluwi bin Turki bin Abdallah, who served as the governor of Unayzah during the late 1700s.

The members of Al Jiluwis allied themselves with King Abdulaziz to eliminate the threat posed by the Al Kabir clan. For instance, Abdullah Al Jiluwi served as King Abdulaziz's deputy commander and helped him in the conquest of the eastern region of Arabia. He served as the governor of the Eastern Province from 1913 to 1938. Then, his son Saud bin Abdullah became the governor of this province (1938-1967). Next, his another son, Abdul Muhsin bin Abdullah Al Jiluwi, served as the governor of the province from 1967 to 1985 until being replaced by Prince Muhammed bin Fahd.

Additionally, the members of Al Jiluwis intermarried with the Al Sauds. More specifically, the spouses of late King Faisal, late King Fahd, late King Abdullah, late Prince Sultan and late Prince Nayef were all members of Al Jiluwi clan.

Al Jawhara was the daughter of Musaed, a nephew of Faisal bin Turki Al Saud. Her mother was Hussa bint Abdallah bin Turki Al Turki, and her paternal grandmother, Noura bint Ahmed Al Sudairi, was also from another powerful family, Al Sudairi. Both families, Al Jiluwi and Al Sudairi, were strong supporters of the Al Saud in the early years of state formation. Her brother Abdulaziz bin Musaed was one of former governors of Hail Province.

Al Jawhara bint Musaed was one of the King Abdulaziz's favorite wives. They were married in 1908, and she was the fourth spouse of King Abdulaziz. It was the only marriage of King Abdulaziz to one of the Al Saud or a close relative.

Their marriage produced three children; Prince Mohammad, King Khalid and Princess Al Anoud. Her daughter, Al Anoud, married to the sons of Saad bin Abdul Rahman. She first married Saud bin Saad. After Saud died, she married Fahd bin Saad.

Al Jawhara bint Musaed was extremely interested in horse riding and breeding. She formed a stable within the palace in Riyadh. She also hired the best Najdi horse riders to train cavalry who in turn contributed significantly in King Abdulaziz's attempts to unify Saudi Arabia. She was special for King Abdulaziz due to several reasons. First, Al Jawharah was King Abdulaziz's cousin. Secondly, she was chosen by King Abdulaziz's mother as a wife for him. And lastly, she died at young age.

Al Jawhara bint Musaed died in Riyadh in 1919 in the flu epidemic, which also killed Prince Turki bin Abdulaziz, eldest son of King Abdulaziz. Her room in the palace was kept, not allowing anyone to enter except for King Abdulaziz's sister, Nuora. Al Jawhara bint Musaid's death is reported to make King Abdulaziz so sad and devastated that he cried.