Tsai Ming-jung

Tsai Ming-liang (Chinese: 蔡明亮; pinyin: Cài Míngliàng) (born 27 October 1957) is a Malaysian Chinese filmmaker. He has written and directed 10 feature films and has also directed many short films and television films. Tsai is one of the most celebrated "Second New Wave" film directors of Taiwanese cinema. His films have been acclaimed worldwide and have won numerous film festival awards. Tsai is considered to be an auteur.

Tsai was born in Malaysia of Chinese ethnic background and spent his first 20 years of his life in Kuching, Sarawak, after which he moved to Taipei, Taiwan. This, he said, had "a huge impact on [his] mind and psyche," perhaps later mirrored in his films. "Even today," said Tsai, "I feel I belong neither to Taiwan nor to Malaysia. In a sense, I can go anywhere I want and fit in, but I never feel that sense of belonging."

Tsai graduated from the Drama and Cinema Department of the Chinese Culture University of Taiwan in 1982 and worked as a theatrical producer, screenwriter, and television director in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 1991, he directed several telefilms. Two of these, All the Corners of the World and Boys, starred his muse, Lee Kang-sheng.

1992–1998

Tsai's first feature film was Rebels of the Neon God (1992). A film about troubled youth in Taipei, it starred Lee as the character Hsiao-Kang. Lee went on to appear in all of Tsai's feature films through 2013. Tsai's second feature, Vive L'Amour (1994), is about three people who unknowingly share an apartment. The film is slow-paced, has little dialogue, and is about alienation; all of these became Tsai's trademarks. Vive L'Amour was critically acclaimed and won the Golden Horse Awards for best picture and best director.

Tsai's next film was The River (1997), in which a family has to deal with the son's neck pain. The family is similar to the one that appears in Rebels of the Neon God and is played by the same three actors. The Hole (1998) is about two neighbors in an apartment. It features several musical numbers.

1999–2009

In Tsai's next film, What Time Is It There? (2001), a man and a woman meet in Taipei before the woman travels to Paris. This was Tsai's first film to star Chen Shiang-chyi, who would star in his next few films alongside Lee. Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003) is about people inside an old cinema that is closing down. For this film, Tsai included even longer shots and fewer lines of dialogue than in previous films, a trend that continued in his later work. The Wayward Cloud (2005) is a sequel to What Time Is It There? in which Hsiao-Kang and Shiang-chyi meet again and start a relationship while Hsiao-Kang works as a pornographic film actor. This film, like The Hole, features several musical numbers between Tsai's typical slow pace.

Tsai's next film, I Don't Want to Sleep Alone (2006), was his first set in Malaysia and is about two different characters, both played by Lee. In 2007, the Malaysian Censorship Board banned the film based on incidents shown depicting the country "in a bad light" for cultural, ethical, and racial reasons. However, they later allowed the film to be screened in the country after Tsai agreed to censor parts of the film according to their requirements. Tsai's next film, Face (2009), is about a Taiwanese director who travels to France to shoot a film.

2010–present

Tsai (left) was named Asian Filmmaker of the Year at the 2010 Busan International Film Festival.

Tsai's next feature film was Stray Dogs (2013), which is about a homeless family. Tsai also directed several short films, including the "Walker" segment of Beautiful 2012 (2012) and Journey to the West (2014), which feature the same character: a monk played by Lee who travels by walking slowly.

Honours

Tsai's film honours include a Golden Lion (best picture) for Vive L'Amour at the Venice Film Festival in 1994; the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize for The River at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival; the FIPRESCI award for The Hole at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival; and the Alfred Bauer Prize and Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Achievement for The Wayward Cloud at the 2005 Berlin International Film Festival. In 1995, he was a member of the jury at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival.

In 2003, Tsai was voted by UK newspaper The Guardian as No. 18 of the 40 best directors in the world.

Features

• Rebels of the Neon God (1992)
• Vive L'Amour (1994)
• The River (1997)
• The Hole (1998)
• What Time Is It There? (2001)
• Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003)
• The Wayward Cloud (2005)
• I Don't Want to Sleep Alone (2006)
• Face (2009)
• Stray Dogs (2013)

Shorts

• Fish, Underground (or A Conversation with God) (2001)
• The Skywalk Is Gone (2002)
• Madame Butterfly (2008) – part of the Lucca Film Festival project "Twenty Puccini"
• No Form (2012)
• Diamond Sutra / Sleepwalk (2012)
• Xing Zai Shui Shang (2013)
• Journey to the West (2014)
• Xiao Kang (2015)

Segments

• Welcome to São Paulo (2004) – "Aquarium"
• To Each His Own Cinema (2007) – "It's a Dream"
• Beautiful 2012 (2012) – "Walker"
• Letters from the South (2013) – "Walking on Water"
• Beautiful 2015 (2015) – "No No Sleep"

Documentaries

• Sleeping on Dark Waters (2008)
• Afternoon (2015)

Telefilms

• Endless Love (1989)
• The Happy Weaver (1989)
• Far Away (1989)
• All Corners of the World (1989)
• Li Hsiang's Love Line (1990)
• My Name is Mary (1990)
• Ah-Hsiung's First Love (1990)
• Give Me a Home (1991)
• Boys (1991)
• Hsio Yueh's Dowry (1991)
• My New Friends (1995)

Casting

Tsai frequently re-casts actors who he has worked with on previous feature films:

Actor	Rebels of the Neon God (1992)	Vive L'Amour (1994)	The River (1997)	The Hole (1998)	What Time Is It There? (2001)	Goodbye, Dragon Inn (2003)	The Wayward Cloud (2005)	I Don't Want to Sleep Alone (2006)	Face (2009)	Stray Dogs (2013)
Lee Kang-sheng	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Lu Yi-ching	N	N	N		N		N		N	N
Yang Kuei-mei		N	N	N		N	N		N	N
Chen Shiang-chyi			N		N	N	N	N	N	N
Chen Chao-jung	N	N	N		N	N			N
Miao Tien	N		N	N	N	N
Jean-Pierre Léaud					N				N
Norman Atun								N	N