Tim Jeal

Tim Jeal (born 27 January 1945 in London, England) is a biographer of notable Victorians and is also a novelist. His publications include a memoir and biographies of David Livingstone (1973), Robert Baden-Powell (1989), and Henry Morton Stanley (2007). Jeal was formally educated in London and Oxford, and lives in North London. He has a wife and three daughters.

Jeal's mother was Norah Pasley, daughter of Sir Thomas Pasley Bt, and Constance Wilmot Annie Hastings, who was the daughter of the 13th Earl of Huntingdon. Jeal was educated at Westminster School, London, and Christ Church, Oxford. From 1966 to 1970, he worked for BBC Television in the features group. Jeal is the parent, with his wife Joyce Jeal, of three daughters.

Jeal has been writing books since the 1960s, for London and New York-based publishers. Although most of his works are fictional, he is best known for his biographies.

His biography, Livingstone (1973) was the first to describe the explorer/missionary's faults and failings and to reveal the man behind the icon. It became the basis for a BBC TV documentary and a film for the Discovery Channel. Livingstone has never been out of print since first publication in 1973 and in 2013 was reissued in a revised and expanded edition by Yale University Press.

In Baden-Powell (1989), Jeal offers a revisionist account of Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts, restoring his reputation which had deteriorated during the 20th century. However, Jeal also speculated that Powell was a homosexual, even a repressed one, and this sparked a great deal of attention in the popular press culminating in scouting organizations reissuing an earlier biography of Powell by William Hillcourt to dilute attention and sales of Jeal's book. In 1995 Jeal's book was the basis for a TV documentary in the Channel Four series Secret Lives entitled Lord Baden-Powell: The Boy Man.

The 2007 biography of Henry Morton Stanley was a revisionist account that showed Stanley in a more sympathetic light. Professor John Carey in the The Sunday Times accepted that Jeal's 'ardent, intricate defence of a man history has damned' had been successful, and concluded: 'Anyone who, after reading this book, imagines they would have behaved better than Stanley, if faced with the same dangers, must have a vivid imagination.'

Tim Gardam in the The Observer said that Jeal had 'fulfilled a mission to rehabilitate one of the most complex heroes of Victorian Britain'. Kevin Rushby in the The Guardian said he was 'aware of the dangers of revisionism' and doubted that Stanley was as innocent as Jeal argued. While calling Stanley 'an awesome piece of scholarship executed with page-turning brio,' he expressed doubt that it would be the 'last word on Henry Morton Stanley.' In the Washington Post Jason Roberts wrote of '...this commanding, definitive biography' being 'an unalloyed triumph...';and in the New York Times BookReview Paul Theroux described it as 'the most felicitous, the best informed, the most complete and readable [biography of Stanley]'.

Tim Jeal had unique access to the massive Stanley collection in the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Brussels and saw many letters, diaries and other documents (including correspondence between Stanley and King Leopold of Belgium) unseen by previous biographers. The book had its detractors. One reviewer wrote: "If Jeal's attempt was the resurrection of a humane Stanley, then I must judge him a complete failure," going on to suggest that "the author should have set aside any biased personal agendas and let history speak for itself. Instead, Jeal writes a political book in defence of a historical monster."

• 1973 New York Times Notable Book of the Year selection for Livingstone
• 1975 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize winner for Cushing's Crusade
• 1989 New York Times Notable Book of the Year selection for Baden-Powell.
• 2004 PEN/Ackerley Prize shortlist for Swimming with my Father
• 2007 Los Angeles Times Book Prize (Biography) finalist for Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer
• 2007 The Sunday Times "Biography of the Year" winner for Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer
• 2007 National Book Critics Circle Award (Biography) winner for Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer