Rafi ud-Daulah

Shah Jahan II (Persian: شاه جهان دوم‎) c. 1698 – 19 September 1719, birth name Rafi ud-Daulah (Persian: رفیع الدوله‎) was the 11th Mughal emperor for a brief period in 1719. After being chosen by the Sayyid brothers, he succeeded his short-lived brother Rafi ud-Darajat in that year.Like his brother, he died of tuberculosis and was buried in the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.

Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son of Rafi-ush-Shan and a grandson of Bahadur Shah I. Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known. He was eighteen months older than his brother Rafi ud-Darajat. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown.

Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brother Rafi ud-Darajat due to tuberculosis. His coronation took place at Diwan-i-Khas of the Red Fort. He took the title "Shah Jahan Sani" (English: Shah Jahan II).

Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmaker Sayyid brothers and wielded no power in practicality. His name was read in the khutbah for the first time on 13 June. His first appearance at the Diwan-i-Aam was on 11 June. Without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers, he was not allowed to meet any noble or to attend the jummah.

Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719 at Bidyapur. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at the dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki.