Momoe Yamaguchi

Momoe Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口 百恵, Hepburn: Yamaguchi Momoe, born 17 January 1959) is a Japanese former singer, actress, and idol whose career lasted from 1972 to 1980. Often simply referred to by her given name, "Momoe", Yamaguchi was one of the most successful singers in Japanese music in her day, releasing 32 singles, including three number one hits, and 21 albums. She also starred in 15 feature films and several serial dramas on television. At 21, Yamaguchi retired at the height of her popularity to marry her frequent costar, Tomokazu Miura; she has never performed or made a public appearance since.

Early life and career

Momoe Yamaguchi was born in Tokyo, Japan in 1959. Not long afterwards she was left in the care of her maternal grandparents. At around four, she was returned to her parents and the family then moved to Yokohama. Her father, who was already married to another women with children, and never married to her mother. The family moved once again to Yokosuka. Her mother raised Momoe and her younger sister Toshie by herself.

Yamaguchi began a career in show business while she was still a student in junior high school. At the end of 1972, at the age of 13, Yamaguchi, along with many of her schoolmates, applied by postcard to appear on the idol talent search television show Star Tanjō!. After a series of successful preliminary auditions, she appeared on the show covering a hit song "Kaiten Mokuba", by Yumi Makiba earlier that year. Though she finished second, Yamaguchi received offers from several music producers, and signed with Hori Productions. Her family moved to Tokyo. Yamaguchi transferred to Shinagawa Joshi Gakuin, and then attended Hinode Joshi Gakuin High School, a school which allows its students to carry on careers in show business.

Initially she was promoted together with two other singers, Junko Sakurada and Masako Mori, as the Hana no Chūsan Torio (meaning "The lovely trio of third-year middle school students") since they were all in the third year of middle school (chūsan).

Her first single, "Toshigoro", coupled with her first movie of the same title, did not fare well in the charts, peaking at 37 on the Oricon singles chart. But her second single "Aoi Kajitsu" peaked at number 9. Japanese pop culture historians have credited its success to its suggestive lyrics. The chorus goes "You can do what ever you want with me; it's OK if rumors spread that I'm a bad girl".

Her early songs, including the ones with suggestive lyrics, were written for her by the Hori Productions songwriting team of composer Shunichi Tokura and lyricist Kazuya Senge. One of her biggest hits was her 5th single "Hito natsu no Keiken" ("an experience one summer"), which includes lyrics like "I'll give you the most precious thing a girl has". and "Everyone experiences it at least once, the sweet trap of seduction". The suggestive lyrics attracted widespread press interest. The young singer was frequently asked salacious questions such as "What do you think a girl's most precious thing is?", to which she replied magokoro ("her devotion").

Rising popularity

By the end of 1974, her phenomenal popularity was demonstrated by her being invited to be the opening female singer for the 25th Kōhaku Uta Gassen, Japan's most popular musical show, with the song Hito Natsu No Keiken. She would continue to appear in this show every year until her retirement.

With her increasing popularity, Yamaguchi gained more control over her career and was able to select her own songwriters. One of her choices was Ryudo Uzaki. She chose him because she liked his song "Secret Love", recorded by the Down Town Boogie Woogie Band. Their first collaboration resulted in the single "Yokosuka Story" in 1976, written by Uzaki with lyrics by his wife, Yoko Aki. Aki was inspired to write the song because both she and Yamaguchi, whom she had never met when the song was originally ordered, had both lived in Yokosuka. "Yokosuka Story" was Yamaguchi's biggest hit, selling more than 600,000 copies, and peaked at number one on the charts. This was the beginning of a collaboration with the husband and wife songwriting team which only ended with Yamaguchi's retirement. Songs were also written for her by writers such as Masashi Sada, who wrote one of her most popular hits, "Cosmos".

Her popularity as a singer was paralleled by rising success in a series of films and television programs. Her second film, Izu no Odoriko, paired her with actor Tomokazu Miura, chosen because he had previously done a commercial for Glico with her. Though Yamaguchi was just 14, and Miura was 22, they had great screen chemistry, and became known as the Momoe-Tomokazu "golden combi". They starred together in a total of 14 of her 17 movies, one every winter and summer.

As she became popular, her father, Kubo, decided to cash in on her success. He held bogus "press conferences" unauthorized by either Yamaguchi or her management company, and in various ways disrupted her career. Since Yamaguchi was still a minor, he sued for the right of parental authority. The court case ended in a victory for her mother. Yamaguchi declared in her autobiographical book that she ended her relationship with her father, and would never acknowledge his existence again. She also expressed the regret that if she had not become famous, this would not have happened.

By the end of her career, Yamaguchi's music became more sophisticated. Her 12th and 18th albums, Golden Flight and L.A. Blue, were recorded in London and Los Angeles respectively, using local musicians and production staff. Her 21st album, Phoenix Densetsu, was written as a rock opera. Because she wanted to make a rock song before she ended her career, Uzaki and Aki wrote "Rock 'n Roll Widow" for her, which was included on the concept album Moebius's Game.

When her television series were broadcast in China in the 1980s, she also became hugely popular as an actress there, with the Akai series of television dramas achieving viewing figures of 100% on Chinese television at the time. In China she is known as 山口百惠 (the final character is slightly different from that used in Japan), pronounced "Shan Kou Bai Hui". According to a 2000 poll by the "News Station" news magazine programme, she was the Japanese person known most widely among the Chinese.

Marriage and retirement

With the on-screen romances between Yamaguchi and Tomokazu Miura, an off-screen romance grew. During a trip to Hawaii in early 1979, Miura proposed to Yamaguchi. She accepted, and she also said that she would retire from entertainment to marry him. Yamaguchi announced their relationship at a concert in October 1979, and the announcement about their marriage date and her retirement was made in March 1980. Billboard magazine stated in 1980 that the farewell concert by Momoe Yamaguchi was expected to gross $2.22 million. She performed the farewell concert at the Nippon Budokan on 5 October 1980, released her last album This is my trial on 21 October 1980, and released her last single "Ichie" on 19 November 1980. By the time of her retirement, Yamaguchi was responsible for over 25% of the sales at Horipro. She also wrote the lyrics to this song under the pen name "Kei Yokosuka", and continued to write a few songs for a while after retirement, such as Ann Lewis's La Saison from 1982.

In her autobiographical book, Aoi Toki, she said that she disliked repeatedly singing the same songs. She also stated that she wanted to stop working to devote all her time to the wellbeing of her husband. She also said in an interview at the time of retirement that she did not want to continue working as a singer or an actress.

On 15 October 1980, Yamaguchi officially retired from show business, and on 19 November 1980, the pair were married. Despite several rumors of her comeback, she has devoted herself to being a homemaker and mother to two sons. Her husband, Tomokazu Miura, continued to work as an actor, even though his career up to then had mostly consisted of playing romantic leads in her films and television series.

After retirement

In 1981, she wrote a book of autobiographical essays called Aoi Toki, which sold over a million copies in its first month of publication.

Despite her retirement, she is a regular feature in weekly entertainment magazines. Her family suffered considerable difficulty in attending school events due to television crews and photographers, who sometimes used deception to gain access. Fans have frequently been found hanging around her residence, and in at least one case a fan even broke in. In 1999, her husband, Tomokazu Miura, wrote a part-autobiography Hishatai detailing the problems the couple had faced.

Her two sons, Yūtarō and Takahiro Miura, both also entered careers in entertainment. Yūtarō entered the music business under the pseudonym "Yū" in a now-defunct group called "Peaky Salt". Initially it was not known that he was Momoe and Tomokazu's son. Takahiro is an actor who has appeared in several films and television programs. Takahiro is also a qualified lifeguard because he was a swimmer and surf lifesaver from high school and university.

Yamaguchi's hobby is quilt making, and she exhibits her quilts under her married name, "Momoe Miura". In 2011, she was selected in a poll as "The ideal mother".

New musical products continue to go on sale, such as a boxed DVD set of her appearances on television program Yoru No Hitto Sutajio ("Evening Hit Studio") in 2010. In a November 2011 television interview, Ryudo Uzaki said that she still receives a healthy income from record royalties. Her television dramas continue to be available on DVD, and from 2010 have been repeated daily on the TBS Channel cable television station.

In 2011, Tomokazu Miura wrote a book entitled Aishō (compatibility) explaining the secret of their happy marriage. In 2012, the couple came first for the seventh consecutive year in a poll by the Meiji Yasuda life insurance company to find "the ideal celebrity couple" as considered by married people in their 20s to 50s.

Studio albums

The following list gives the studio albums recorded during her career. Several live albums as well as many compilations have also been released.

Singles

Yamaguchi released 31 singles during her career.

• Toshigoro ("Adolescence", としごろ, 21 May 1973)
• Aoi Kajitsu ("Unripe fruit", 青い果実, 1 September 1973)
• Kinjirareta Asobi ("Forbidden play", 禁じられた遊び, 21 November 1973)
• Haru Kaze no Itazura ("Spring wind's tease", 春風のいたずら, 1 March 1974)
• Hito Natsu no Keiken ("An experience one summer", ひと夏の経験, 1 June 1974)
• Chippoke na Kanshō ("Tiny sentiment", ちっぽけな感傷, 1 September 1974)
• Fuyu no Iro ("Winter colors", 冬の色, 10 December 1974)
• Mizuumi no Kesshin ("Resolution at a lake", 湖の決心, 21 March 1975)
• Natsu Hiraku Seishun ("Youth starts in summer", 夏ひらく青春, 10 June 1975)
• Sasayaka na Yokubō ("Modest desire", ささやかな欲望, 21 September 1975)
• Shiroi Yakusoku ("White promise", 白い約束, 21 December 1975)
• Ai ni Hashitte ("Running to love", 愛に走って, 21 March 1976)
• Yokosuka Sutōrī ("Yokosuka story", 横須賀ストーリー, 21 June 1976)
• Pāru-karā ni Yurete ("Swaying in pearl color", パールカラーにゆれて, 21 September 1976)
• Akai Shōgeki (theme song for the television series Akai Shogeki, (赤い衝撃), 21 November 1976)
• Hatsukoi Sōshi ("First love storybook", 初恋草紙, 21 January 1977)
• Yumesaki Annainin ("Dream guide", 夢先案内人, 1 April 1977)
• Imiteishon Gōrudo ("Imitation gold", イミテイション・ゴールド, 1 July 1977)
• Kosumosu, ("Cosmos", 秋桜, 1 October 1977)
• Akai Kizuna ("Red sensation", theme song for the television series Akai Kizuna, (赤い絆 (レッド・センセーション), 21 December 1977)
• Otomeza Kyū ("The Virgo constellation", 乙女座宮, 1 February 1978)
• Pureibakku PART 2 (pāto-tsū) ("Playback part 2", プレイバックpart 2, 1 May 1978)
• Zettai Zetsumei ("Stalemate", 絶体絶命, 21 August 1978)
• Ii Hi Tabidachi ("Leaving on a good day", いい日旅立ち, 21 November 1978)
• Bi Sairento ("Be silent", 美・サイレント, 1 March 1979)
• Ai no Arashi ("Jealousy Storm", 愛の嵐, 1 June 1979)
• Shinayaka ni Utatte ("Sing along", しなやかに歌って, 1 September 1979)
• Aizenbashi ("The bridge of love", 愛染橋, 21 December 1979)
• Shanikusai ("The carnival", 謝肉祭, 31 March 1980)
• Rokkunrōru Uidō ("Rock 'n' Roll Widow", ロックンロール・ウィドウ, 21 May 1980)
• Sayonara no Mukōgawa ("The other side of goodbye", さよならの向う側, 21 August 1980)
• Ichie (一恵, 19 November 1980). The title means "One blessing", a play on the name "Momoe" which means "a hundred blessings". The lyrics were written by Momoe under the pseudonym "Kei Yokosuka".

Covers

Her songs are regularly covered by other performers. Ayako Fuji released an "enka" version of her hit Manjushaka in 2003. Cosmos has been covered by many artists, including its creator, Masashi Sada, as well as Akina Nakamori. Imitation Gold was covered by Tak Matsumoto with Mai Kuraki in 2003. In 2004, a tribute album Yamaguchi Momoe Toribyuto Thank You For ... appeared of Yamaguchi covers by singers such as Masaharu Fukuyama, Sowelu, and Hiromi Iwasaki. A second volume, Yamaguchi Momoe Toribyuto Thank You For ... Part 2, with more covers, came out in 2005.

In the 1980s, Chinese-language versions of some of her songs, such as "Manjushaka" (曼珠沙華) as 蔓珠莎華, or "Rock'n'Roll Widow" as "冰山大火" were released by Hong Kong singer Anita Mui.

In English, in 1991 The Nolans released an album of songs entitled "Playback Part 2" containing well-known Yamaguchi songs with English lyrics. (The lyrics are largely newly written rather than translations of the originals, although some of the English parts of the originals are preserved.) This was re-issued as "The Nolans Sing Momoe 2005" in 2005. These albums were released only in Japan.

Rina Rahman covered her song "Akai Unmei" in malay language, entitled "Ku Ingin Bahagia".

Films

Apart from her first film Toshigoro and two concert films, all of Yamaguchi's films, from Izu no odiroko on, were romantic stories costarring Tomokazu Miura. Many of them were directed by Katsumi Nishikawa and were remakes of the director's own films. Except for White Love (set in Spain) and Furimukeba Ai (set in San Francisco), almost all of the romantic films with Miura were based on Japanese literary works.

• Toshigoro (としごろ) (directed by Ichimura)
• Izu no Odoriko (伊豆の踊子) (from the short story "The Dancing Girl of Izu" by Yasunari Kawabata) (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Shiosai (潮騒) (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Onēchan Ote Yawaraka ni (お姐ちゃんお手やわらかに) (as herself, her only non-starring role)
• Zesshō (絶唱) (1975) (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Eden no Umi (エデンの海) (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Kaze tachinu (風立ちぬ) (directed by Mitsuo Wakasugi)
• Shunkinshō (春琴抄) (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Doro darake no Junjō (泥だらけの純情) (directed by Sokichi Tomimoto)
• Kiri no Hata (霧の旗), (directed by Katsumi Nishikawa)
• Furimukeba Ai (ふりむけば愛), (directed by Nobuhiko Obayashi), also titled Take me away!
• Honō no Mai (炎の舞) (directed by Yoshisuke Kawasaki)
• White Love (ホワイト・ラブ) (directed by Tsugunobu Kotani)
• Tenshi o Yuwaku (天使を誘惑) (directed by Toshiya Fujita)
• Koto (古都) (1980) (directed by Kon Ichikawa)

Concert films

• Hana no Kō Ni Torio Hatsukoi Jidai (花の高２トリオ 初恋時代)
• Masako, Junko, Momoe - Namida no Sotsugyōshiki Shuppatsu (昌子・淳子・百恵 - 涙の卒業式 出発)

Television

On television, most of Yamaguchi's appearances were in a series of dramas with Ken Utsui. Each of these dramas went on for about twenty-six episodes, or half a year. Starting with Kao de waratte and going on to the so-called Akai Series, in each serial drama she and Utsui played a different father and daughter. Echoing Yamaguchi's real-life family issues, all of the Akai series consisted of complex, melodramatic family circumstances such as hidden adoption (Akai Meiro, Akai Giwaku, Akai Kizuna), mistaken identity (Akai Unmei), murder (Akai Meiro, Akai Unmei) or illness (leukemia via radiation poisoning in Akai Giwaku, paralysis via an accidental shooting in Akai Shogeki).

Some of the serial dramas in the Akai series did not feature Yamaguchi, such as Akai Gekiryu starring Yutaka Mizutani, in which she made a guest appearance in the first episode. Each of the Akai series which she appeared in, except Akai Meiro, featured a title song sung by Yamaguchi herself.

The final Akai program, Akai Shisen, was a two-part story starring her and Tomokazu Miura based on Deadline at Dawn, a novel by William Irish whose Japanese title is Akatsuki no shisen (暁の死線). For the first time Ken Utsui appeared in it not as the father of Yamaguchi's character, but instead in a small part as a carjacking victim and pilot. It also featured cameos from Rentarō Mikuni and Gin Maeda who had starred in Akai Unmei.

• Kao de Waratte (顔で笑って)
• Ginga Terebi Shōsetsu Akari no Urumu Koro (銀河テレビ小説 「灯のうるむ頃」) - Three episodes of a long-running NHK series
• Akai Meiro (赤い迷路)
• Akai Giwaku (赤い疑惑) Theme song Arigato, Anata
• Akai Unmei (赤い運命) Theme song Akai Unmei
• Nogiku No Haka (野菊の墓) (1977) based on a story of Itō Sachio
• Akai Shōgeki (赤い衝撃) Theme songs Akai Shogeki and Hashire, Kaze To Tomo Ni
• Akai Kizuna (赤い絆) Theme song Akai Kizuna (Reddo Senseshon) (red sensation)
• Hito wa Sore wo Sukyandaru to Iu (人はそれをスキャンダルという)
• Yamaguchi Momoe Intai Kinen Supesharu Dorama "Akai Shisen" (山口百恵引退記念スペシャルドラマ「赤い死線」)