Melvyn R. Leventhal

Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, Leventhal attended a yeshiva elementary school, and Brooklyn Technical H.S. When he was nine years old, his parents divorced, and he and his siblings were split up, with the father taking Leventhal's older brother to live with him. Leventhal recalled that he rarely saw his father after that, and that on one occasion, when Leventhal took a younger sibling to see their father, the father "slammed the door in our face". Leventhal was affected by the feeling of being an outsider, and was also "outraged and disgusted by the way white people treated Jackie Robinson". He resolved to fight injustice, and in pursuit of this, after receiving his undergraduate degree from New York University's Washington Square College in 1964, he received his J.D. from the New York University School of Law in 1967.

As a young lawyer, Leventhal worked in Mississippi for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and from this work he formed the first interracial law partnership in the history of the state, with Reuben Anderson, Fred L. Banks, Jr., and John A. Nichols. Anderson and Banks would go on to become the first two African American justices of the Mississippi Supreme Court. Through his work, Leventhal met Alice Walker, who initially distrusted him but eventually came to trust and admire him due to his willingness to endanger his own social status and well-being by standing up to bigotry. On March 17, 1967, Leventhal and Walker married in New York, in a civil ceremony performed by Family Court Judge Justine W. Polier. The marriage was at that time illegal in Walker's home state of Georgia. When the couple returned to Mississippi in July 1967, they became "the first legally married interracial couple in the state", resulting in threats and social ostracization. Walker and Leventhal had one daughter, Rebecca Walker, and divorced in 1976.

From 1969 through 1974 Leventhal served as LDF's lead counsel in Mississippi. He represented plaintiffs in approximately 75 lawsuits filed throughout the state to eliminate segregation and discrimination in public schools and to eliminate discrimination in employment, public accommodations, housing and in the provision of municipal services (e.g., street paving, street lighting and fire protection). After Leventhal moved back to New York in 1974, he was, until 1978, an LDF staff attorney litigating cases brought in Mississippi and throughout the United States. Leventhal’s career at the LDF was highlighted by three cases:

• Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, 396 U.S. 19 (1969), through which the United States Supreme Court brought to an end the era of "all deliberate speed" and ordered school districts to desegregate "at once".
• Norwood v. Harrison, 413 U.S. 455 (1973), through which the United States Supreme Court held unconstitutional state textbook assistance to private schools that discriminated on the basis of race.
• Hawkins v. Town of Shaw, 437 F.2d 1286 (5th Cir. 1971), aff'd on rehearing en banc, 461 F. 2d 1171 (5th Cir. 1972), through which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, upheld lawsuits challenging racial discrimination in the provision of municipal services.

Leventhal also testified before the United States Senate's Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity (Chair: Hon. Walter Mondale) in 1970, on the progress of school desegregation in Mississippi.

Leventhal returned to live in New York in 1974, and eventually was remarried to Judith Goldsmith. Leventhal served for a time as an Assistant Attorney General of New York, in charge of the Consumer Frauds and Protection Bureau. and as Deputy First Assistant Attorney General in Charge of the Litigation Bureau. As an attorney, Leventhal has argued two cases before the Supreme Court of the United States, Norwood v. Harrison, 413 U.S. 455 (1973) (argued in 1972) and Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886 (1984) (argued in 1983).