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Johann Hermann Bauer (June 23, 1861, Kotopeky – April 5, 1891, Görz), was an Austrian chess master.
Born in Bohemia (then in the Austrian Empire). His father was an estate owner in Kotopeky and a formally trained painter later in Prague. His mother Eleonora was an older sister of Czech composer Josef Richard Rozkošný. As a youth he settled in Vienna and won the master title at Frankfurt 1887 (the 5th DSB Congress, Hauptturnier A). His best tournament achievement was at Graz 1890 (+3 –0 =3) where he finished in 2nd place behind Gyula Makovetz and ahead of Emanuel Lasker and Georg Marco. In 1891 whilst playing in a double-round tournament at Vienna his health broke down when he was sharing the lead with Adolf Albin.
He won matches against Bernhard Fleissig (2 : 0) in 1890, and Albin (4 : 0) and Marco (3 : 1), both in 1891.
J.H. Bauer is known mainly for losing to Emanuel Lasker as a result of a brilliant double-bishop sacrifice at Amsterdam 1889.
He died of tuberculosis at the age of 29.