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Jesse Beams
American physicist

Jesse Beams

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Jesse Beams
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Biography

Jesse Wakefield Beams (December 25, 1898 in Belle Plaine, Kansas – July 23, 1977) was an American physicist at the University of Virginia.

Biography

Beams completed his undergraduate B.A. in physics at Fairmount College in 1921 and his master's degree the next year at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He spent most of his academic career at the University of Virginia, where he received his Ph.D. in physics in 1925. He spent the next three years in a physics fellowship at Yale University, where he performed research on the photoelectric effect with Ernest Lawrence. Beams was appointed a professor of physics at the University of Virginia in 1929 and was chair of the department from 1948 to 1962. During World War II, he worked on the Manhattan Project, where his ultracentrifuge was used to demonstrate the separation of the uranium isotope U-235 from other isotopes. Officials in charge of the atomic bomb project concluded, however, that Beams's centrifuges were not as likely as other methods to produce enough highly enriched uranium for a bomb in the time available, and the centrifuge program was abandoned. After World War II, centrifuge separation of uranium isotopes was perfected by German scientists and engineers working in the Soviet Union. In 1953 Beams was appointed the Francis H. Smith Professor of Physics at the University of Virginia. Beams was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1967 for his work on the ultracentrifuge. He retired from the University in 1969.

Beams' contributions include the first linear electron accelerator, the magnetic ultracentrifuge, and the application of the ultracentrifuge to the separation of isotopes and to the separation of viruses from liquids. He held many patents in magnetic bearings and ultracentrifuges. In addition to the National Science Medal, he was awarded the American Physical Society's John Scott Medal, the Lewis Prize of the American Philosophical Society, and the University of

Virginia's first annual Thomas Jefferson Award.

Patents

Inventor(s)YearPatent No.Invention Title
Trotter, Woodstock, Beams1935U.S. Patent 2,016,825Air Conditioning
Beams, Holmes1941U.S. Patent 2,256,937Suspension of Rotatable Bodies
Masket, Snoddy, Beams1949U.S. Patent 2,478,663Projectile Testing Machine
Beams1950U.S. Patent 2,521,112Method and Apparatus for Separating Fluids by Thermal Diffusion
Beams1950U.S. Patent 2,521,891Valve
Beams, Snoddy, Hoxton1950U.S. Patent 2,525,197Thermal Flowmeter
Beams, Morton1954U.S. Patent 2,666,363Transmission Line Kerr Cell
Beams1954U.S. Patent 2,691,306Magnetically Supported Rotating Bodies
Beams, Snoddy1956U.S. Patent 2,763,155High Altitude Burner Simulator
Beams, Snoddy1960U.S. Patent 2,948,572Centrifuges
Beams1962U.S. Patent 3,041,482Apparatus for Rotating Freely Suspended Bodies
Beams1962U.S. Patent 3,066,849High Vacuum Pump System
Beams1965U.S. Patent 3,196,694Magnetic Suspension System
Goss, Porter, Roberts, Tuve, Beams, Selvidge1975U.S. Patent 3,908,933Guided Missile

Publications

  • Beams, J. and Haynes, F., The Separation of Isotopes by Centrifuging, (Sept 1936) Phys. Rev., vol. 50, Issue 5, pp. 491–492.
  • Beams, J., Production and Use of High Centrifugal Fields, (1954) Science, vol. 120, Issue 3121, pp. 619–625.

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