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Jan Šrámek (11 August 1870, Grygov, Margraviate of Moravia – 22 April 1956, Prague) was Prime Minister of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile from 21 July 1940 to 5 April 1945. He was the first chairman of the Czechoslovak People's Party and was a Monsignor.
From 1945 on Czechoslovakia was ruled by the Communist-dominated National Front which also included Šrámek's People's Party. Šrámek and the rest of his coalition worried about the increasing role of the communist party. In 1947, the popular support for communists started to diminish. To consolidate power, communists carried out a coup in February 1948. Šrámek had to resign as the chairman of the People's Party. His successor, Rostislav Petr, and Josef Plojhar, a "strong man" in the People's Party, supported unconditional collaboration with communists.