Jakob Klatzkin

Jakob Klatzkin, Yakov/Jakub Klaczkin (Hebrew: יעקב קלצקין‎‎; Russian: Яков Клачкин) (3 October 1882, Biaroza, Grodno Governorate, now Belarus - 26 March 1948, Vevey, Switzerland) was a Jewish philosopher, publicist, author, and publisher.

Klatzkin was born in Kartoz-Brioza, a son of the local Rabbi Eliyahu Klatzkin. He received his early schooling from his father and yeshivas in Lithuania. Later he traveled to Germany to study with philosopher Herman Cohen. Klatzkin received his doctorate from the University of Berne in Switzerland, then returned to Germany to write for Hebrew periodicals and establish Jewish publishing firms. He also served as director of the Jewish National Fund in Cologne.

He wrote widely on the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza and compiled 10 of 15 anticipated volumes of the German Encyclopaedia Judaica with Nahum Goldmann.

After the Nazis' rise to power in 1933, Klatzkin fled to Switzerland and earned a living giving lectures on various Jewish subjects. He moved to the United States in 1941 and continued to teach in Chicago at the College of Jewish Studies. He returned to Switzerland in 1947 and died there at the age of 66.

He rejected the notion of chosenness for the Jewish people, either religious or secular. He argued that the only meaningful goal for Zionism was regaining the land of Israel and normalizing the conditions of Jewish existence. He believed that assimilationists were "traitors to their Judaism". He criticized Ahad Ha-Am for the notion that morality was the key to Israel's uniqueness. He believed that ethics are universal, not the possession of a particular people. He maintained that the spiritual definition of Judaism denied freedom of thought and led to national chauvinism.

• Otzar Munahim ha'Philosophim (Philosophy Terms), 4 vols. (printed in Berlin)
• "Baruch Spinoza, Hermann Cohen, and Crayim" (printed in Berlin)
• "Mishnat Rishonim", a philosophical anthology (printed in Berlin)
• "Shkiyatahayim, philosophical discussions" (printed in Berlin)
• Truhmim, Zutot, and Mishnat Ahonim, and Tavim (printed after he died)
• "Krisis und Entscheidung im Judentum" (Berlin, 1921)
• "Probleme des modernen Judentums" (Berlin, 1918; Berlin, 1930)
• "Hermann Cohen" (Berlin, 1919)
• "Der Erkenntnistrieb als Lebens und Todesprinzip" (Zurich, 1935)
• "German Encyclopaedia Judaica" (completed 10 of 15 intended volumes)