Jaime Milans del Bosch

Jaime Milans del Bosch y Ussía (8 June 1915, in Madrid – 26 July 1997, in Madrid) was a Lieutenant General in the Spanish Army who was dismissed in 1981 for his role in the failed coup d'état of 23 February 1981 (23-F).

Milans del Bosch was born into a noble family whose members had held many senior military ranks. He was the grandson of Joaquín Milans del Bosch. Jaime Milans del Bosch is reported to have repeatedly boasted of how many of his ancestors had participated in coups d'état.

In 1934, he entered the military academy of Toledo. As a cadet, he fought in the Civil War at the Alcázar of Toledo, where he was injured during a republican bombing. Shortly afterwards, he received his officer's commission in the Spanish Foreign Legion. In 1941, Bosch joined the Blue Division to fight against the Soviet Union under German command.

After the war, he held successive positions as Military attaché in Spanish embassies in Latin American countries including Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Paraguay.

Promoted to Brigadier General in 1971 and Major General in 1974, he was appointed commander of the 3rd military district (headquartered in Valencia) in 1977, at the rank of Lieutenant-General (Teniente general).

Milans del Bosch was the only senior army commander who supported the coup without reservation and conducted offensive operations of importance. On 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, he ordered tanks onto the streets of Valencia and decreed a state of emergency.

After the televised message of king Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet pronounced themselves decided to remain on the side of the government, causing the coup to fail. Despite the lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.

Milans del Bosch was court-martialled on 8 March 1981. On 3 June 1982, he was sentenced to a 26 years and 8 months prison term and expelled from the army. Barely 9 years later, in 1991, he was pardoned and released due to advanced age. He never expressed remorse for his involvement in the coup.

He returned to live in his native Madrid, where he died of a brain tumor in 1997. He is buried at the Alcázar of Toledo.