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Henry Keyes (January 3, 1810 – 1870) was a prominent politician and railroad executive from Vermont. He was a state senator and was a candidate for governor of Vermont three times. He also served as president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.
In 1825 he moved to Newbury, Vermont, where he preferred to stay as much as possible. In 1860, Keyes was the chairman of the Vermont delegation for the Democratic National Convention.
Keyes worked on the revitalization of the Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad. He advanced to the presidency of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on February 17, 1869. He served in this role until September 24, 1870, when he fell ill with a fever by which he died in ten days.
His son, Henry W. Keyes (1862–1938), also participated in New England's politics, becoming Governor of New Hampshire himself in 1917.