Henry Hayes Lockwood

Henry Hayes Lockwood (August 17, 1814 – December 7, 1899) was an American soldier and authority on military tactics.

Lockwood was born in Kent County, Delaware. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1836, served in the Seminole Wars as a lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and resigned his commission in the next year. In 1841 he was made professor of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy, where from 1851 to 1866 he held the professorship of field artillery and infantry tactics. In 1856, his son, James Booth Lockwood, was born. James would later go on to participate in and perish on the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition in 1884.

Lockwood entered the Union Army as colonel of the 1st Regiment Delaware Volunteer Infantry, was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers on August 8, 1861, and served in the defenses of the lower Potomac River. On July 23, 1862, Lockwood commandeered the Cessford property at Eastville, Virginia for his headquarters and used that residence intermittently throughout the war, protecting the crucial telegraph line from Hampton Roads across the Delmarva Peninsula.

Gen. Lockwood commanded a brigade attached to XII Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg. His brigade was kept directly under corps headquarters during the battle, because the acting corps commander, Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, did not want an unknown officer commanding 1st Division just because he was senior of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger. The brigade was absorbed into the division after Williams returned to that command and Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum resumed corps command. In the winter of 1863–64 Lockwood commanded the Middle Department, with headquarters at Baltimore, Maryland. Later he took part in the Richmond Campaign, briefly commanding a division in V Corps. His corps commander, Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, sent the former academic back to the Middle Department because did not find Lockwood sufficiently competent for so high a rank.

After the war, Lockwood resumed his teaching at the U.S. Naval Academy. He commanded the U.S. Naval Observatory from 1870 to 1876 and retired from service on August 18, 1876. He died in Georgetown, D.C., and is buried at the U.S. Naval Academy Cemetery in Annapolis, Maryland.

He was the author of Manual of Naval Batteries (1852) and Exercises in Small Arms and Field Artillery (1852).