Harold E. Robinson

Harold Ernest Robinson (born 1932, Syracuse, New York) is an American botanist and an entomologist.

Robinson's specialty is the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and the bryophytes. He has named or described over 2,800 new species and subtribes,more than one tenth of the number of species in the Asteraceae. This figure is also about one quarter of the number of flowering plants, described by Linnaeus.

Robinson has written over 650 publications, mainly on the Asteraceae, mosses (Bryophyta), Marchantiophyta, and the long-legged fly family Dolichopodidae (describing over 200 new species and 6 new genera, such as Harmstonia and Nanomyina) and many other subjects.

He received aB.S. from Ohio University in 1955, an M.S. from the University of Tennessee in 1957, a Ph.D. from Duke University in 1960.

After a short stint (from 1960 to 1962) as assistant professor at Wofford College (Spartanburg, South Carolina), he became Associate Curator of lower plants at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington (1960–1962). Later he was appointed Associate Curator (1964–1971) and finally Curator of Botany from 1971.

Together with collaborators, he investigated the taxonomy of several bryophytes, green algae (co-naming a new genus Struveopsis), vines of family Hippocrateaceae (nom. cons.) (now a synonym of the staff vine family Celastraceae).

He made a study of the phylogeny of the genus Houstonia, madder family (Rubiaceae).

In 1974 he named a new subtribe Luziolinae of oryzoid (= rice-like) grasses Poaceae, but this was not supported by a recent molecular study (Duvall et al., 1993).

He named the small genus Synanthes (P.Burns-Balogh, H.Rob. & Mercedes S.Foster) of epiphytic orchids from Paraguay.

He also named 32 new species from the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae), mostly in the genera Navia and Lindmania, Connellia, and Cottendorfia, such as Navia albiflora L.B.Smith, Steyermark & Robinsonand Navia aliciae L.B.Smith, Steyermark & Robinson. In 1999 he merged Pepinia into Pitcairnia at generic level. (Harvard Papers in Botany Vol. 4 no.1 195 – 202). He made several illustrations for the Catalog of Botanical Illustrations, Smithsonian Institution, such as for Brewcaria duidensis (Bromeliaceae).

But his major interest went to the sunflower family (Asteraceae). In the neotropical tribe Eupatorieae (Asteraceae), Robinson (with co-worker King) has named at least one species in 27 of the genera. He later worked on thereorganization of the tribes Senecioneae, Heliantheae, Liabeae and lately Vernonieae.

The tribe Eupatorieae is known for the many secondary metabolite chemicals such as alkaloids, (poly)acetylenes, and terpenoids (see Ichthyothere). Robinson has made a detailed study of these chemicals, together with R.M. King and Ferdinand Bohlmann. This resulted in a large number of publications mostly in the journal Phytochemistry in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 1970 Robinson and King stressed the need for diagnostic character analysis in his classicarticle entitled The new synantherology (Taxon 19: 6-11).

In 1986 he gave a critical but constructive opinion on cladistics in thearticle. ”A key to the common errors of cladistics”. (Taxon 35: 309-311).

The genus Robinsonecio T.M.Barkley & J.P.Janovec (Asteraceae) is named for him.

In 2010, Robinson received the Asa Gray Award, the highest honour of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.

• Rhyne, C. and H. Robinson. 1968. Struveopsis, a new genus of green algae. Phytologia 17:467-472
• Robinson, H. 1969, A Monograph of Foliar Anatomy of the Genera Connellia, Cottendorfia and Navia (Bromeliaceae). Washington..
• King, R. M., & H. Robinson. 1970. The new synantherology. Taxon 19:6-11.
• King, R. M., and H. Robinson. 1970 :Eupatorium, a composite genus of Arcto-Tertiary distribution. Taxon 19: 769–774.
• King, R. M., and H. Robinson 1970 :Studies in the Eupatorieae (Compositae). XXV. A new genus Eupatoriadelphus. Phytologia 19: 431–432.
• King, R. M., & H. Robinson. 1970. New combinations in Ageratina. Phytologia 19:208-229.
• Reed, C. F. and H. Robinson. 1971. Bryophytes of Monteverde, Costa Rica. Phytologia 21: 6-21.
• Terrell E. E., H. Robinson, 1974 Luziolinae, a new subtribe of oryzoid grasses. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 101: 235-235[ISI]
• King, R. M. & H. Robinson. 1975.-Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae), CXXXIX.A new genus, Aristeguietia. -Phytologia 30: 217-220.
• Robinson H., 1978 Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XII. Re-establishment of the genus Smallanthus. Phytologia 39: 47-47
• Robinson H.,: 1978 - . Compositae-Liabeae. 1978. 63 pp. Flora of Ecuador volume 8
• Robinson H., 1980 Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXVI. New species of Ichthyothere. Phytologia 47: 128-128
• Robinson H., 1981 A revision of the tribal and subtribal limits of the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 51: 1-1
• Robinson H., A. M. Powell, R. M. King, J. F. Weedin, 1981 Chromosome numbers in Compositae. XII. Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contribributions to Botany 52: 1-1
• Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C., Grenz, M., Dhar, A.K., Robinson, H., King, R.M.. "Naturally occurring terpene derivatives .307. 5 diterpeneand other constituents from9 Baccharis species." - Phytochemistry 20 281 - 286, 1981..
• Robinson H., 1983 Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXX. A new species of Ichthyothere from Cayenne. Phytologia 53: 388-388
• Robinson, Harold Ernest (1983). "A generic review of the tribe Liabeae (Asteraceae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. Smithsonian Institution Press (54): 69 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
• Terrell, E.E., W.H. Lewis, H. Robinson, and J.W. Nowicke. 1986. Phylogenetic implications of diverse seed types, chromosome numbers, and pollen morphology in Houstonia (Rubiaceae) Am. J. Bot. 73:103-115.
• King, R.M. & Robinson, H. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 1-581.
• Robinson, H. 1993. A review of the genus Critoniopsis in Central and South America (Vernonieae: Asteraceae) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 106: 606-627.
• Robinson, H. 1993. Three new genera of Vernonieae from South America, Dasyandantha, Dasyanthina, and Quechualia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 106(4): 775-785.
• Robinson, H., & J. Cuatrecasas. 1993. New species of Pentacalia (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Novon 3(3): 284-301.
• Robinson, H. 1994. Cololobus, Pseudopiptocarpha, and Trepadonia, three new genera from South America (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 107(3): 557-568.
• Robinson, H. 1994. New combination in American Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 76: 27-29.
• Robinson, H. 1995. New combinations and new species in American Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 78(5): 384-399.
• Robinson, H. 1995. Two new species of Ichthyothere (Heliantheae: Asteraceae) from Ecuador and Peru. Sida 16(4): 731-736.
• Robinson, H. & V. Funk. 1995. Compositae of Ecuador I: Key to frequently collected genera. In: R. Valencia & H. Balslev (eds.) Estudios sobre diversidad y ecología de plantas, p. 65-75. PUCE, Quito.
• Robinson, H. 1997. New species of Aphanactis in Ecuador and Bolivia and new combinations in Selloa (Heliantheae: Asteraceae). Brittonia 49(1): 71-78.
• Robinson, H. 1997. New species of Aphanactis, Calea, Clibadium and Tridax (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) from Ecuador and Peru. Phytologia 82(1): 58-62.
• Robinson, H. 1997. New species of Archibaccharis and Baccharis from Bolivia and Peru (Asteraceae: Astereae). Biollania, Edición Esp. No. 6: 501-508.
• Robinson, H. 1997. New species of Ayapanopsis and Hebeclinum from South America (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). Biollania, Edición Esp. No. 6: 509-514.
• Robinson, H. 1999[?]. New species and new combinations of Neotropical Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 84: 347-353.
• Robinson, H. 1999. Generic and subtribal classification of American Vernonieae. Smithson. Contributions Bot. 89: 1-116.