Quick Facts
Biography
Fatima bint Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (Arabic: فَاطِمَة بِنْت عَبْد الْمَلِك ٱبْن مَرْوَان, Fāṭima bint ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān) was an Umayyad princess, daughter of Caliph Abd al-Malik and principal wife of Caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.
Life
Fatima was the daughter of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan from his second wife from the Banu Makhzum, Umm al-Mughira bint al-Mughira ibn Khalid, a great-granddaughter of the pre-Islamic leader of the Quraysh, Hisham ibn al-Mughira. From this marriage, Abd al-Malik had his daughter Fatima, who was wed to Umar II.
Following the death of Umar's father Abd al-Aziz, her father Abd al-Malik recalled Umar to Damascus, where he arranged Umar's marriage to his daughter, Fatima.
Her father died shortly after her marriage and her father was succeeded by his son al-Walid I. Her husband was an important courtier and at one time governor of Medina during her brother brother's reign.
After her brother al-Walid's death, he was succeeded by another Sulayman. During Sulayman's reign her husband was the advisor, confidant and courtier. Her brother nominated her husband Umar as his successor on his death bed.
When her husband became Caliph, Fatima support her husband. She gave up her wealth, when her husband ordered her to do so. Her husband ruled the Caliphate from 717 to 720.
On his way back from Damascus to Aleppo or possibly to his Khunasira estate, Umar fell ill. He died between 5 February and 10 February 720, at the age of 37, in the village of Dayr Sim'an (also called Dayr al-Naqira) near Ma'arrat al-Nu'man. Her husband was succeeded by her half brother Yazid II, cousin of Umar.
Fatima died around 720s after her husband death.
Family
Fatima was related to Umayyad ruling house both paternally and maternally. She was contemporary and related to several Umayyad caliphs. Fatima also had children with her husband.
| No. | Umayyads | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | al-Walid I | Half-brother |
| 2 | Sulayman | Half-brother |
| 3 | Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz | Husband |
| 4 | Yazid II | Half-brother |
| 5 | Hisham | Half-brother |
Sources
- Hinds, Martin, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIII: The Zenith of the Marwānid House: The Last Years of ʿAbd al-Malik and the Caliphate of al-Walīd, A.D. 700–715/A.H. 81–95. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1.
- Hinds, M. (1991). "Makhzum". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 137–140. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
- Cobb, P. M. (2000). "ʿUmar (II) b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 821–822. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
- Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.