Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (/ˌtʃɪmɑːˈmɑːndə əŋˈɡoʊzi ʌˈdiːtʃeɪ/; born 15 September 1977) is a Nigerian novelist, nonfiction writer and short story writer. A MacArthur Genius Grant recipient, James Copnall wrote in the Times Literary Supplement that she was "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [that] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature".

Adichie, who was born in the city of Enugu, grew up the fifth of six children in an Igbo family in the university town of Nsukka. Nsukka is in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria, where the University of Nigeria is situated. While she was growing up, her father, James Nwoye Adichie, was a professor of statistics at the university, and her mother, Grace Ifeoma, was the university's first female registrar. Her family's ancestral village is in Abba in Anambra State.

Adichie studied medicine and pharmacy at the University of Nigeria for a year and a half. During this period, she edited The Compass, a magazine run by the university's Catholic medical students. At the age of 19, Adichie left Nigeria for the United States to study communications and political science at Drexel University in Philadelphia. She soon transferred to Eastern Connecticut State University to be near her sister, who had a medical practice in Coventry. She received a bachelor's degree from Eastern, with the distinction of summa cum laude in 2001.

In 2003, she completed a master's degree in creative writing at Johns Hopkins University. In 2008, she received a Master of Arts degree in African studies from Yale University.

Adichie was a Hodder fellow at Princeton University during the 2005–06 academic year. In 2008 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. She was also awarded a 2011–12 fellowship by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University.

Adichie divides her time between Nigeria, where she teaches writing workshops, and the United States. In 2016 she was conferred an honorary degree - Doctor of Humane letters, honoris causa, by Johns Hopkins University.

In a 2 July 2016 interview with the Financial Times she said that she had a baby daughter.

Adichie published a collection of poems in 1997 (Decisions) and a play (For Love of Biafra) in 1998. She was shortlisted in 2002 for the Caine Prize for her short story "You in America".

In 2003, her story "That Harmattan Morning" was selected as a joint winner of the BBC Short Story Awards, and she won the O. Henry prize for "The American Embassy". She also won the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize 2002/2003 (PEN Center Award).

Her first novel, Purple Hibiscus (2003), received wide critical acclaim; it was shortlisted for the Orange Prize for Fiction (2004) and was awarded the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book (2005).

Her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), named after the flag of the short-lived nation of Biafra, is set before and during the Nigerian Civil War. It received the 2007 Orange Prize for Fiction and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award. Half of a Yellow Sun has been adapted into a film of the same title directed by Biyi Bandele, starring BAFTA winner and Academy Award nominee Chiwetel Ejiofor and BAFTA award-winner Thandie Newton, and was released in 2014.

Her third book, The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), is a collection of twelve stories that explore the relationships between men and women, parents and children, Africa and the United States.

In 2010 she was listed among the authors of The New Yorker′s "20 Under 40" Fiction Issue. Adichie's story "Ceiling", was included in the 2011 edition of The Best American Short Stories.

Her third novel, Americanah (2013), an exploration of a young Nigerian encountering race in America, was selected by the New York Times as one of The 10 Best Books of 2013.

In April 2014, she was named as one of 39 writers aged under 40 in the Hay Festival and Rainbow Book Club project Africa39, celebrating Port Harcourt UNESCO World Book Capital 2014.

In 2015, she was co-curator of the PEN World Voices Festival.

In a 2014 interview, Adichie said on feminism and writing, "I think of myself as a storyteller, but I would not mind at all if someone were to think of me as a feminist writer... I'm very feminist in the way I look at the world, and that world view must somehow be part of my work."

Adichie spoke on "The Danger of a Single Story" for TED in 2009. On 15 March 2012, she delivered the "Connecting Cultures" Commonwealth Lecture 2012 at the Guildhall, London. Adichie also spoke on being a feminist for TEDxEuston in December 2012, with her speech entitled, "We should all be feminists". This speech was sampled for the 2013 song "***Flawless" by American performer Beyoncé, where it attracted further attention.

Adichie spoke in a TED talk entitled "The Danger of a Single Story" posted in October 2009. In it, she expresses her concern for underrepresentation of various cultures. She explains that as a young child, she had often read American and British stories, where the characters were primarily caucasian.

At the lecture, she said that the underrepresentation of cultural differences may be dangerous: "Now, I loved those American and British books I read. They stirred my imagination. They opened up new worlds for me. But the unintended consequence was that I did not know that people like me could exist in literature."

Throughout the lecture, she used personal anecdotes to illustrate the importance of sharing different stories. She briefly discussed their houseboy, Fide, and how she only knew of how poor their family was. When Adichie's family visited Fide's village, Fide's mother showed them a basket that Fide's brother had made. Adichie said, "It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. All I had heard about them was how poor they were, so that it had become impossible for me to see them as anything else but poor. Their poverty was my single story of them." She also said that when leaving Nigeria to go to Drexel University, she encountered the effects of the underrepresentation of her own culture. Her American roommate was surprised that Adichie was fluent in English and that she did not listen to tribal music. She said of this, "My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe. In this single story, there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibility of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals."

She concluded the lecture by noting the significance of different stories in various cultures and the representation that they deserve. She advocated for a greater understanding of stories because people are complex, saying that by only understanding a single story, one misinterprets people, their backgrounds, and their histories.

In 2012, Adichie delivered a TEDx talk titled: "We should all be feminists." She shared her experiences of being an African feminist, and her views on gender construction and sexuality. Adichie said that the problem with gender is that it shapes who we are. She also said, "I am angry. Gender as it functions today is a grave injustice. We should all be angry. Anger has a long history of bringing about positive change, but in addition to being angry, I’m also hopeful because I believe deeply in the ability of human beings to make and remake themselves for the better."

Parts of Adichie's TED talk were sampled in Beyoncé's song "Flawless" in December 2013.

We teach girls to shrink themselves, to make themselves smaller
We say to girls: "You can have ambition, but not too much
You should aim to be successful, but not too successful
Otherwise, you will threaten the man"
Because I am female, I am expected to aspire to marriage
I am expected to make my life choices
Always keeping in mind that marriage is the most important
Now, marriage can be a source of joy and love and mutual support
But why do we teach girls to aspire to marriage
And we don't teach boys the same?
We raise girls to see each other as competitors
Not for jobs or for accomplishments, which I think can be a good thing
But for the attention of men
We teach girls that they cannot be sexual beings in the way that boys are
Feminist: a person who believes in the social
Political, and economic equality of the sexes

Harper-Collins published an essay based on the speech as a standalone volume, We Should All Be Feminists in 2014. She later said in an NPR interview that "anything that gets young people talking about feminism is a very good thing." She later qualified the statement in an interview with the Dutch magazine, De Volkskrant: "Another thing I hated was that I read everywhere: now people finally know her, thanks to Beyoncé, or: she must be very grateful. I found that disappointing. I thought: I am a writer and I have been for some time and I refuse to perform in this charade that is now apparently expected of me: 'Thanks to Beyoncé, my life will never be the same again.' That's why I didn't speak about it much."

Adichie has clarified that her particular feminism differs from Beyoncé's, particularly in their disagreements about the role occupied by men in women's lives, saying that "Her style is not my style, but I do find it interesting that she takes a stand in political and social issues, since a few years. She portrays a woman who is in charge of her own destiny, who does her own thing, and she has girl power. I am very taken with that." Nevertheless, she has been outspoken against critics who question the singer's credentials as a feminist and said that "Whoever says they’re feminist is bloody feminist."

Awards and nominations

A^ Shortlisted

B^ Runner-up

C^ Joint win

D^ Longlisted

Other recognitions

Adichie on the cover of Ms. magazine in 2014

• 2010 Listed among The New Yorker′s "20 Under 40"
• 2013 Listed among New York Times′ "Ten Best Books of 2013", for Americanah
• 2013 Listed among BBC's "Top Ten Books of 2013", for Americanah
• 2013 Foreign Policy magazine "Top Global Thinkers of 2013"
• 2013 Listed among the New African′s "100 Most Influential Africans 2013"
• 2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40
• 2015 Listed among Time Magazine's "The 100 Most Influential People"

• "TED | We should all be feminists – Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at TEDxEuston (transcript)". Vialogue.
• Miles Raymer, "'Billboard' Hot 100 recap: Beyonce's 'Flawless' finally hits the chart", Entertainment Weekly, 4 September 2014.
• "***Flawless Lyrics". Genius. Retrieved 23 June 2015. 
• "Beyonce Flawless Lyrics". Elyrics. Retrieved 23 June 2015. 
• ^ "Ngozi Adichie: Beyoncé's Feminism Isn't My Feminism". 
• Britni Danielle, "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Defends Beyoncé: 'whoever Says They're Feminist is Bloody Feminist'", Clutch, 20 March 2014.
• Rachel Ogbu (27 January 2008). "Tomorrow Is Here". Newswatch. Retrieved 30 August 2013. 
• Name Search › (27 January 2008). "Chimamanda Adichie – MacArthur Foundation". Retrieved 30 August 2013. 
• "African Writing Online, No. 6". 17 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2013. 
• Kirsten Reach (14 January 2014). "NBCC finalists announced". Melville House Books. Retrieved 14 January 2014. 
• "Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013". National Book Critics Circle. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014. 
• "National Book Critics Circle Announces Award Winners for Publishing Year 2013". National Book Critics Circle. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014. 
• Mark Brown (7 April 2014). "Donna Tartt heads Baileys women's prize for fiction 2014 shortlist". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2014. 
• Hillel Italie (30 June 2014). "Tartt, Goodwin awarded Carnegie medals". Seattle Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 July 2014. 
• "Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Davido lead nominations for MTV Africa Music Awards". Sowetan LIVE. Retrieved 14 April 2014. 
• "The Leading Global Thinkers of 2013". Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 14 December 2013. 
• "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The World's 100 Most Influential People". TIME.com. Retrieved 14 December 2015. 

Guest appearances

• "Flawless" (Beyoncé featuring Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie)