Chen Di

Chen Di (Chinese: 陳第) (1541 – 1617), courtesy name: Jili (季立), was a Chinese philologist, strategist, and traveler of the Ming Dynasty. A native of Fujian, he was versed in both pen and sword. As a strategist, he served under Qi Jiguang and others for many years before retiring to occupy himself with studies and travel. As a traveler, in his 1603 Dong Fan Ji (東番記) he provides the first descriptions of the island of Taiwan and its indigenous inhabitants. As a philologist, he was the first to demonstrate that Old Chinese has its own phonological system, refuting the then prevailing practice of xieyin (諧音) (i.e. changing the usual reading of a character in a Shi Jing poem in order to suit the rhyme). Encouraged by his senior Jiao Hong (焦竑) (1540-1620), he wrote Maoshi Guyin Kao (毛詩古音考) and Qusong Guyinyi (屈宋古音義), in which he shows the ancient pronunciations (by homophones) of 650 characters. The results are based on painstaking analysis of the rhyming schemes in Shi Jing and other ancient rhymed texts, including I Ching and the poems of Qu Yuan. In his preface to the former work, Chen writes famously: "There is the past and the present; there is the north and the south. It is only inevitable that characters evolve, and sounds change." (蓋時有古今，地有南北；字有更革，音有轉移，亦勢所必至。)