Carry van Bruggen

Carry van Bruggen (January 1, 1881 – November 16, 1932) was a Dutch writer. She also wrote under the name Justine Abbing.
One of 16 children of Izak de Haan and Betje Rubens, she was born Caroline Lea de Haan in Smilde and grew up in Zaandam, later studying to become a teacher. Her family was Orthodox Jewish, which she found stifling. She was the sister of writer Jacob Israël de Haan. She married Kees van Bruggen, a socialist, in 1904. She went with her husband to the Dutch East Indies and began writing for the newspapers there. They returned to Amsterdam in 1907 where van Bruggen continued writing for various publications. The couple divorced in 1917; she moved to Laren. In 1920, she married the historian Aart Pit. This was a happier marriage but, after 1928, she frequently suffered from depression and spent time in psychiatric hospitals.
Although supportive of feminist issues, she was skeptical of the feminist movements of her time. Similarly, she had an uneasy relationship with the literary establishment, developing her own writing style and stepping outside of prevailing literary traditions. Her contribution to the development of Dutch literature was only truly recognized after her death.
Van Bruggen died in Laren at the age of 51 from an overdose of sleeping pills.

• De verlatene (The abandoned), novel (1910)
• Heleen, novel (1913)
• Een coquette vrouw (A coquette), novel (1915)
• Prometheus, philosophic essay (1919)
• Uit het leven van een denkende vrouw (From the life of a thinking woman), novel (1920)
• Het huisje aan de sloot (The small house by the ditch), collection of short stories (1921)
• Avontuurtjes (Adventures), novel (1922)
• Vier jaargetijden (Four seasons), novel (1924)
• Hedendaags fetischisme (Contemporary fetishism), commentary (1925)
• Eva, novel (1927)