Carroll A. Edson

Colonel Carroll Andrew Edson (December 29, 1891 – October 15, 1986) was an influential leader in the Boy Scouts of America movement. He helped to found the Order of the Arrow (OA) along with E. Urner Goodman. The OA is an official program of the Boy Scouts of America designed to recognize Scouts and Scouters for their service, and to aid in the retention of older boys in the Scouting program.

Edson was born on December 29, 1891. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1914 and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Society. He later received his master's degree from Columbia University in 1931.

Edson joined the military and attended the first officer's training camp at Plattsburgh, New York in 1917. During World War I he served as a captain in the United States Army with the 77th Division. In 1931 he attended Infantry School at Fort Benning and then in 1936 he attended the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. He was promoted to colonel in 1938 and recalled to active duty as an instructor at the Command and General Staff School in 1940. He served in both World Wars and was a member of The Retired Officers Association.

Edson was hired by the Philadelphia Council of the Boy Scouts of America in 1915 as a Field Commissioner. He was then appointed as the Assistant Camp Director in charge of commissary at Treasure Island Scout Reservation. There he worked with the Camp Director E. Urner Goodman to create an experimental camp fraternity program called the Wimachtendienk, later known as the Order of the Arrow. After attending a speech by Ernest Thompson Seton on his Woodcraft Indians program, Edson urged that American Indian lore be incorporated into the fraternity. This was to make the organization more appealing to youth. Edson himself researched the history and language of the Lenni Lenape (the Delaware Indians) in order to make the names and culture of the program authentic. He and Goodman conducted the original rituals and the speaking roles at the public campfire were primarily done by Edson. He was the second to receive the Vigil Honor and kept his Vigil in 1917.

In 1921 Edson was hired by the Chicago Area Council as a Field Executive for the South Shore District. In that position he founded five more Order of the Arrow lodges in Chicago. He was the Chairman in 1921 for the first Grand Lodge Meeting where he ran for Grand Lodge Chieftain, but lost to Goodman. At the second Grand Lodge Meeting in 1922, Edson ran again for Chieftain, but lost to Arthur Schuck, the Grand Treasurer. Edson ran unopposed and became the Grand Lodge Chieftain in 1923 at the Third Grand Lodge Meeting.

In 1927 Edson was hired to be the Scout Executive for Hudson Council (currently part of Northern New Jersey Council) in Jersey City, NJ. He remained in this position until he left Scouting around 1933. He later returned in the 1960s and became active again in the OA. He was also one of the inaugural Distinguished Service Award recipients in 1940.

In 1935 Edson served as an education program director for the Civilian Conservation Corps and an education adviser for the Fourth Corps Area Headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Edson then became the manager for the Social Security Administration's office in Syracuse in 1937 where he worked for twenty-five years until he retired in 1961.