Albert Salomon (surgeon)

Albert Salomon (1883–1976) was a German surgeon at the Royal Surgical University Clinic in Berlin. He is best known for his study of early mastectomies that is considered the beginning of mammography. He was the father of the artist Charlotte Salomon, who died in the Holocaust.

In 1913, Salomon performed a study on 3,000 mastectomies. In the study, Salomon compared X-rays of the breasts to the actual removed tissue, observing specifically microcalcifications. By doing so, he was able to establish the difference as seen on an X-ray image between cancerous and non-cancerous tumors in the breast. Salomon's mammographs provided substantial information about the spread of tumors and their borders. In the midst of the study, Salomon also discovered that there are multiple types of breast cancer. Salomon was unable to use this technique in practice because he did not work with breast cancer patients, and although he published his findings in 1913, mammography did not become a common practice until years later.

Salomon was discharged from the University of Berlin in 1933 as Adolf Hitler came to power. He lived in a concentration camp until 1939, when he managed to go into hiding in the Netherlands. After World War II ended, he moved to Amsterdam, where he worked as a professor.