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English naturalist and biologist

Danish theologian, philosopher, poet and social critic

French diplomat and writer

German-born philosopher

American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist

German philosopher, poet, composer, cultural critic, and classical philologist

German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, and artist

American poet, essayist, naturalist, and abolitionist

Russian novelist

Spanish politician

Scottish-American naturalist

Indian mystic and religious preacher

German philosopher

English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist

Russian writer

American philosopher, psychologist, and pragmatist

British mathematician, philosopher and university teacher (1806-1871)

American philosopher, essayist, and poet

Russian revolutionary, philosopher, and theorist of collectivist anarchism

British Prime Minister, Conservative politician, and statesman

English writer and art critic

British author and scholar

Romanian literary critic

German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor

American economist

British philosopher and political economist

British classicist

British polymath: geographer, statistician, pioneer in eugenics

Mathematician, inventor of set theory

British politician and historian

French politician, mutualist philosopher, economist, and socialist

English theologian, religious author and Christian Socialist

French political thinker and historian

Mathematician, logician, philosopher

Anti-colonial military commander

French classical liberal theorist, political economist, and member of the French assembly

American writer

American academic, sociologist

Scottish journalist, novelist

19th century maltese philosopher