Pakubuwono X

Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated 'PBX (29 November 1866 – 20 February 1939) was the tenth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta).

Politics

His reign corresponded with the political changes happening in the Dutch East Indies at the time, in particular the growth of local indigenous political organizations such as Budi Utomo and Sarekat Islam of which he and the royal family were patrons.

Family

Pakubuwono X was known to have many concubines, but his main consort was GKR Hemas, the daughter of Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII of Yogyakarta. He was also known major contributor to improvements at the Royal Graveyard of Imogiri, where he himself is buried.

Name sequence

His correct title in Javanese etiquette standards contains honorific appellations, some of which each successive ruler inherits. He reigned from 1893 to 1939 and was the longest ruling Susuhanan of Surakarta to his time.

Names in Javanese royalty are adjusted with status changes.

• 1866-1884: Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1884-1890: Lieutenant-Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1890-1893: Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
• 1893-1923: Major-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minulya saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
• 1923-1932: Lieutenant-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
• 1932-1939: Lieutenant-General His Princely Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta

Honours

Pakubuwono X received many honours from foreign countries. In 2009, due to his contributions to the well-being and interests of Native Indonesians within the Sunanate during his reign, as well as having been a huge patron to many local economic and cultural projects, he was awarded posthumously the title of National Hero of Indonesia.

Death and funeral train

After PB X's death, his coffin was transported between Surakarta and Yogyakarta by a NIS train. The remaining journey between Yogyakarta and Imogiri was by royal carriage. His coffin's trip to Imogiri was one of the most photographed royal funeral processions of rulers of his era.