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Biography
Loretta of Sponheim (born 1300; died 1346) was a countess of the noble house of Sponheim-Starkenburg.
Biography
Tomb sculpture of Loretta's husband. The inscription reads "HENRIC:IVNIOR:COMES:DE:SPANHEIM" (Latin: Henry, the younger Count of Spanheim). "Spanheim" is an older form of "Sponheim."
Loretta was born in the Vosges ca. 1300 to John I of (Upper) Salm and Jeanne of Joinville, the daughter of the Seigneur Geoffrey de Geneville, and was raised speaking both German and French. In 1315 Loretta was betrothed to Henry II, Count of Sponheim-Starkenburg. In the course of their eight-year-long marriage she gave birth to three sons. After the death of her husband of an illness in 1323, she changed her residence from Wolfstein on the River Lauter to Starkenburg on the Moselle. Her father-in-law, John II, died in 1324, so that the young widow thenceforward had to direct the destinies of the county as regent for her son John throughout an exceedingly difficult time, both politically and economically.
Widespread poverty and the scarcity of currency set great problems for the young widow in a period marked by territorial conflicts, crop failures, and desertion to the cities by the peasantry. In this unpromising position Loretta was forced to engage in a trial of strength with one of the most powerful and influential princes of her time, the Elector Baldwin of Luxembourg, Archbishop of Trier (1285–1354), the brother of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII.
In 1326 Loretta imprisoned the stubborn Wildgrave of Kyrburg until he pledged obedience to her son.
In May 1328, despite a declared armistice, Loretta undertook a drastic action: a troop of her vassals surprised the unsuspecting Elector on a voyage and conveyed him to a dignified captivity at her reputedly impregnable Castle Starkenburg. Despite the excommunication she incurred for an attack on a churchman, with its associated political and social sanctions, Loretta held the Archbishop and, by means of skillful negotiation, forced concessions from him, including a ransom, the yielding of his claims to certain parts of her son’s territories, and his personal intercession with Pope John XXII for the lifting of her excommunication.
The coronation of Henry VII and his wife Margaret of Brabant. Loretta's rival Baldwin of Luxembourg, Henry's brother, stands to the left in the scarlet cap. (Margaret’s ample vair-lined peliçon, with its distinctive w-shaped neck, is typical of the sort of garments Loretta would have worn.)
Thereafter Loretta devoted herself to putting Sponheim on a firm political and economic footing. It is a measure of the skill of the Countess’s diplomacy that when she found it necessary to borrow certain monies, the surety for the loan was none other than her old rival, Baldwin of Luxembourg.
In 1331, her regency over the county of Sponheim ended with the accession of her son as John III of Sponheim-Starkenburg.
Toward the end of her life the Countess busied herself with the construction of Burg Frauenberg (German: Castle Lady-Mountain), after which the current municipality of Frauenberg is named; according to legend, the castle was built principally using the ransom she had received from Baldwin’s kidnapping. Loretta died in 1346 and was interred in the Cistercian Abbey of Himmerod.
Successors
From her marriage with Henry II of Sponheim (died 1323) the following children are known:
- John III of Sponheim-Starkenburg (born 1315; died 1398), married Mathilde (Mechthild) of the Palatinate
- Henry, Canon at Strassburg, Aachen, etc.
- Godfrey (died 1396), Archdeacon of Longuyon
The excursion ship Gräfin Loretta on the Moselle near Bullay