Joseph Wilson or Joe Wilson may refer to:
Politicians
- Joe Wilson (U.S. politician) (born 1947), U.S. Representative from South Carolina
- Joe Wilson (MEP), (born 1937), Member of the European Parliament for North Wales (1989–99)
- Joseph C. Wilson (born 1949), former United States ambassador to Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe and husband of Valerie Plame Wilson
- Joseph G. Wilson (1826–1873), U.S. Representative from Oregon
- Joseph Havelock Wilson (1859–1929), British trade union leader, Liberal politician, and campaigner for the rights of merchant seamen
- Joseph Franklin Wilson (1901–1968), U.S. Representative from Texas
- Joseph Vivian Wilson (1894–1977), New Zealand ambassador to France
Sportsmen
- Joe Wilson (footballer, born 1861) (1861–1952), played at outside left for Stoke, Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion
- Joe Wilson (footballer, born 1937), played at full back for Nottingham Forest and Wolverhampton Wanderers
- Joe Wilson (1920s and 1930s footballer), played for Gillingham and Walsall
- Joe Wilson (bobsleigh), American Olympic bobsledder
- Joseph Wilson (cricketer) (born 1965), English cricketer
- Joe Wilson (Australian footballer) (1870–1912), Australian rules footballer and cricketer
Others
- Joseph Bearwalker Wilson (1942–2004), shamanist and founder of the 1734 tradition of witchcraft
- Joseph Ruggles Wilson (1822–1903), theologian and father of Woodrow Wilson
- Joe Wilson (Geordie singer) (1841–1875), Prolific Geordie dialect singer, songwriter
- Joe Wilson (musician), member of the British band Sneaker Pimps
- Joe Lee Wilson (1935–2011), American gospel-influenced jazz singer
- Joseph C. Wilson (entrepreneur) (1909–1971), founder of the Xerox Corporation
- Joseph Lapsley Wilson (1844–1928), American railroad executive, author and horticulturalist
- Joseph S. Wilson, U.S Treasury and Department of the Interior official
- Joe Wilson (character), a fictional character appearing in numerous Henry Lawson short stories
- Joe Wilson (miniseries), a 1988 mini series about the character
- Jericho (comics), also known as Joseph William Wilson, a fictional comic book superhero