John Anderson may refer to:
Science and medicine
- John Anderson (natural philosopher) (1726–1796), Scottish natural philosopher
- John Anderson (pathologist) (1918–2011), British pathologist
- John Anderson (physician) (died 1804), English physician
- John Anderson (zoologist) (1833–1900), Scottish zoologist
- John August Anderson (1876–1959), American physicist and astronomer
- John D. Anderson (born 1937), American aerospace engineer
- J. Edward Anderson (born 1927), American engineer
- John G. Anderson (born 1948), seismologist
- John L. Anderson (born 1945), American chemical engineer
- John Maxwell Anderson (1928–1982), Scottish surgeon and cancer specialist
- John Robert Anderson (chemist) (1928–2007), Australian chemist/materials scientist
- John Robert Anderson (psychologist) (born 1947), Canadian psychologist and computer scientist
- John Stuart Anderson (1908–1990), British/Australian inorganic chemist
Writers and historians
- John Anderson (classical scholar) (1870–1952), Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford
- John Anderson (diplomatic writer) (1795–1845), Scottish diplomatic writer
- John Anderson (genealogist, 1789–1832), Scottish genealogist
- John Anderson (genealogist, fl. 1825), Scottish genealogist
- John David Anderson (born 1975), American writer
- John J. Anderson (1956–1989), writer and editor covering computers and technology
Religion and philosophy
- John Anderson (archbishop of Moosonee) (1866–1943), Anglican Church of Canada metropolitan bishop
- John Anderson (bishop of British Columbia) (1912–1969), Anglican Church of Canada bishop
- John Anderson (missionary) (1805–1855), Scottish missionary
- John Anderson (philosopher) (1893–1962), Australian philosopher
- John Anderson (theologian and controversialist) (1668?–1721), Scottish theologian and controversialist
- John Anderson (theologian) (1748–1830), founder of the first Presbyterian seminary in America
- John Hendry Anderson (1854–1913), Anglican rector and instigator of Tooting Bec Lido
Politics
- John B. Anderson (b 1922), American politician; independent presidential candidate in 1980
- Sir John Anderson, 1st Baronet, of Mill Hill (c. 1736–1813), British politician, MP for City of London, 1793–1806
- John Anderson (Maine politician) (1792–1853), United States Representative from Maine
- John Hawkins Anderson (1805–1870), member of the Canadian Senate
- John Anderson (mayor) (1820–1897), mayor of Christchurch, New Zealand, blacksmith, engineer, businessman
- Crawford Anderson (John Crawford Anderson, c. 1848–1930), New Zealand politician, MP for Bruce electorate
- John Alexander Anderson (1834–1892), United States Representative from Kansas
- John Gerard Anderson (1836–1911), Scottish-born educationalist and public servant in colonial Queensland
- John Anderson (Newfoundland politician) (1855–1930), Newfoundland businessman and politician
- John Anderson (colonial administrator) (1858–1918), British governor of Straits Settlements and later of Ceylon
- John C. Anderson (1862–?), Wisconsin state assemblyman
- John Anderson (Wisconsin senator) (1870–?), Wisconsin state senator
- John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley (1882–1958), British civil servant and politician
- Jack Z. Anderson (1904–1981), United States Representative from California
- John Hope Anderson (1912–2005), American politician in Pennsylvania
- John Anderson, Jr. (1917–2014), Governor of Kansas, 1961–1965
- John Victor Anderson (1918–1982), Canadian politician in Alberta
- John B. Anderson (born 1922), United States Representative from Illinois and 1980 presidential candidate
- John Anderson, 3rd Viscount Waverley (born 1949), British peer
- John Anderson (Australian politician) (born 1956), Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the National Party of Australia, 1999–2005
- John Anderson (New Jersey) (1665–1736), colonel who served as acting governor of New Jersey in 1736
- John N. Anderson, American politician in California
- John T. Anderson (1804-1879), American politician in Virginia
- Johnny Anderson (politician), member of the Utah House of Representatives
Sports
- John Anderson (American football) (born 1956), Green Bay Packers linebacker
- John A. Anderson (American football) (1933–1998), college football coach
- John Anderson (athlete) (1907–1948), American Olympic discus thrower
- John Anderson (Australian footballer) (1888–?), Australian rules footballer
- John Anderson (baseball coach) (born 1955), American baseball coach
- John Anderson (canoeist) (1924–2001), American sprint canoer
- John Anderson (cricketer, born 1955), Australian cricketer
- John Anderson (Irish cricketer) (born 1982), Irish cricketer
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1878) (1878–?), English footballer, who played for Woolwich Arsenal and Portsmouth
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1879) (1879–?), Scottish footballer, who played for Chesterfield Town
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1915) (1915–1987), Scottish footballer, scorer for Portsmouth in the 1939 FA Cup Final
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1921) (1921–2006), English footballer, scorer for Manchester United in the 1948 FA Cup Final
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1928) (1928–2001), Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1931) (1931–2003), English footballer who played for Grimsby Town
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1937), Scottish born footballer, who played for Stoke City and Australia
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1959), Irish international footballer, who played for Newcastle United
- John Anderson (footballer, born 1972), Scottish footballer, best known for playing for Greenock Morton
- John Anderson (hurler) (born 1978), Irish hurler
- John Anderson (ice hockey) (born 1957), Canadian ice hockey player
- John Anderson (outfielder) (1873–1949), American baseball player
- John Anderson (pitcher) (1929–1998), American baseball player
- John Anderson (racing driver) (1944–1986), American driver, who is known for a crash at Daytona in 1981
- John Anderson (rugby league) (1913–1984), New Zealand international
- John Anderson (sailor) (born 1939), Australian sailor
- John Anderson (sportscaster) (born 1965), American television sports journalist and co-host of Wipeout
- Johnny Anderson (footballer) (1929–2001), Scottish footballer, who most notably played for Leicester City
- John Anderson (slalom canoeist), American slalom canoeist
- John Anderson (ice hockey general manager), general manager of the Buffalo Sabres
- John Anderson (water polo), Canadian water polo player
- John W. Anderson (American football) (1933–1998), American football coach
Business
- John Anderson (Scottish businessman) (1747–1820), Scottish merchant and founder of Fermoy, Ireland
- John Macvicar Anderson (1835–1915), Scottish architect
- John Anderson (publisher) (1836–1910), Norwegian-American publisher
- Sir John Anderson, 1st Baronet, of Harrold Priory (1878–1963), Scottish haulage contractor
- John Edward Anderson (1917–2011), American businessman, namesake of the UCLA Anderson School of Management
- John Anderson (Cal Scale) (1925–2000), founder of Cal Scale model railroad detail parts manufacturer
- John Anderson (businessman) (born 1938), New Zealand businessman, founder of Contiki Holidays and professional public speaker
- John Anderson (inventor) (1942–2012), founder, director and the chief technology officer of HeartSine® Technologies Inc
- Sir John Anderson (New Zealand businessman) (born 1945), Chief Executive of the ANZ National Bank in New Zealand
- John Anderson (chairman), non-executive chairman of the North-East Business and Innovation Centre, Sunderland
- Sir John Anderson (merchant) (1852–1924), Scottish merchant, of Singapore and Eastcote
The Arts
Music
- John Anderson (jazz trumpeter) (1921–1974), American jazz musician
- Jon Anderson (John Roy Anderson, born 1944), lead singer of the British band Yes
- John Anderson (musician) (born 1954), American country musician
- John Anderson (album), 1980 debut album of the above
- John Anderson, vocalist for the British rock band Charlie (founded 1971)
Art and crafts
- John Anderson (carpenter) (1759–1832), friend of Robert Burns
- John Anderson (engraver) (1775–?), Scottish engraver
- John Alvin Anderson (1869–1948), Swedish-American photographer
- John Cornbread Anderson, American folk artist
Entertainment
- John Henry Anderson (1814–1874), Scottish conjurer
- J. Redwood Anderson (1883–1964), English poet
- John Murray Anderson (1886–1954), Newfoundland-American theater director
- John Anderson (actor) (1922–1992), American actor
- John H. Anderson, American set decorator
- John Anderson (TV personality) (born 1932/33), former British television personality, referee on the series Gladiators
Military
- John B. Anderson (general) (1891–1976), American general
- John Byers Anderson (1817–1897), educator, railroad contractor and United States Army officer
- John F. Anderson (1832–1902), brigadier general during the American Civil War
- John W. Anderson (sailor) (1899–1976), Master Mariner and Commodore, United States Lines, Captain, SS United States
- John Anderson (British Army officer) (1908–1988), first commander of the Ulster Defence Regiment
- John Evelyn Anderson (1916–2007), British Army officer
- John Anderson (VC) (1918–1943), English Victoria Cross recipient
- John Rogers Anderson (born 1941), Canadian admiral and ambassador to NATO
Others
- John Anderson (escaped slave), American slave who escaped to Canada in the 1860s, leading to a famous extradition case
- John Anderson (trade unionist), British trade union leader
- Jock R. Anderson (born 1941), Australian agricultural economist
- John W. Anderson (Iowa), justice of the Iowa Supreme Court