Notable people with the name James Johnson include:
Artists, actors, authors, and musicians
- James B. Johnson (born 1944), author of science nonfiction novels
- James Johnson (artist) (1803–1834), English artist
- James Johnson (engraver) (1753–1811), Scottish publisher
- James P. Johnson (1894–1955), New Jersey jazz musician, known for his "stride" piano playing
- Super Chikan (James Johnson, born 1951), American blues musician
- James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938), African-American figure in the Harlem Renaissance
- Jamey Johnson (born 1975), American Country music artist
- James "Stump" Johnson (1902–1969), St. Louis blues musician
- J. C. Johnson (1896–1981), songwriter and jazz pianist sometimes erroneously known as James C. Johnson, best known for his collaborations with Fats Waller
- Jimmy Johnson (bassist) (born 1956), American bass guitarist best known for his work with James Taylor, Allan Holdsworth and Flim & the BB's
- James Artuht Johnson, actor, better known as Raymond St. Jacques
- James Johnson (author and cleric) (1674–1740), English author and cleric
Military figures
- James Allen Johnson (1924-2016), major general in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- James Bulmer Johnson (1889–1943), recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War I
- James E. Johnson (1926–1950), Korean War Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
- James K. Johnson (1916–1997), Korean War flying ace
- Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer) (1915–2001), James E. "Johnnie" Johnson, WWII RAF fighter ace
- James Johnson (SA Navy) (1918–1990), former Chief of the South African Navy
Political figures
- James Johnson (Virginia congressman) (died 1825), U.S. Congressman from Virginia
- James Johnson (Kentucky) (1774–1826), U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
- James Johnson (Georgia) (1811–1891), U.S. Congressman and governor of Georgia
- James Johnson (British politician) (1908–1995), British Labour MP for Rugby, 1950–1959, and Hull West, 1964–1983
- James A. Johnson (California politician) (1829–1896), U.S. Congressman and lieutenant governor from California
- James A. Johnson (Minnesota politician) (born 1943), businessman, Democratic lobbyist, and chairman of Fannie Mae, the Kennedy Center and the Brookings Institution
- James A.C. Johnson (1867–1937), mayor of Englewood, New Jersey
- James Coody Johnson (1864–1927), African-Creek entrepreneur, interpreter, lawyer and politician
- James D. Johnson (1924–2010), Arkansas politician
- James E. Johnson (United States Navy) (born 1926), U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Navy
- James G. Johnson (1855–1936), mayor of Springfield and justice on the Ohio Supreme Court
- James Hutchins Johnson (1802–1887), U.S. Congressman from New Hampshire
- James Leeper Johnson (1818–1877), U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
- James M. Johnson (judge), justice of the Washington Supreme Court
- James M. Johnson (politician) (1832–1913), lieutenant governor of Arkansas
- Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician) (James Michael Johnson, born 1972), member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
- James Paul Johnson (born 1930), U.S. Congressman from Colorado
- James Johnson (Manitoba politician) (1855–1929), politician in Manitoba, Canada
- James Johnson (Delaware politician) (born 1943), member of the Delaware House of Representatives
Sportspeople
- Jim Johnson (baseball, born 1983), pitcher for the Detroit Tigers
- James H. Johnson (1874–1921), British silver medalist in pairs figure skating at the 1908 Summer Olympics
- Jim Johnson (jockey), Australian jockey
- James Johnson (Canadian football) (born 1980), professional American football and Canadian football cornerback
- Jim Johnson (American football) (1941–2009), American football coach
- Jim Johnson (ice hockey, born 1942), former ice hockey player in the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association
- Jim Johnson (ice hockey, born 1962), former ice hockey player in the National Hockey League
- James Johnson (basketball, born 1971), former head coach of the Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team
- James Johnson (basketball, born 1987), former Wake Forest basketball player now with the NBA's Miami Heat
- James Johnson (running back) (born 1984), former running back for the Minnesota Vikings
- J. J. Johnson (running back) (born 1974), former running back for the Miami Dolphins, 1998 winner of the Conerly Trophy
- Jim Johnson (coach) (1912–2004), American football, basketball, and baseball player, coach, and college athletics administrator
- Jim Johnson (boxer) (1887–1918), American boxer
- James Johnson (baseball owner) (died 1967), co-owner of the Washington Senators of the American League
- Jim Johnson (baseball, born 1945) (1945–1987), American baseball pitcher (1967–1970) and briefly a member of 1970 San Francisco Giants
Others
- James Johnson (surgeon and writer) (1777–1845), British surgeon, writer and editor
- James Wood Johnson (1856–1932), co-founder of the company Johnson and Johnson
- James Johnson (minister) (1836–1917), Sierra Leone Creole reverend
- James Johnson (bishop of Worcester) (1705–1774), English prelate, Bishop of Gloucester (1752–59) and Worcester (1759–74)
- James Johnson (bishop of St Helena) (born 1932), English prelate, Bishop of St Helena (1985–91)
- James Johnson (railway engineer), Locomotive Superintendent of the Great North of Scotland Railway, 1890–1894
- Jim Johnson (radio) (born 1945), radio personality in Chicago, Illinois
- James Yate Johnson (1820–1900), English naturalist
- James Hervey Johnson (1901–1988), American atheist
- President James Johnson (Metal Gear), the fictional 44th President of the United States in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
- James Johnson, sole survivor of the wreck of the Dunbar