Guy Ropartz

Joseph Guy Marie Ropartz (June 15, 1864 – November 22, 1955) was a Breton composer and conductor. His compositions included five symphonies, three violin sonatas, cello sonatas, six string quartets, a piano trio and string trio (both in A minor), stage works, a number of choral works and other music including a Prélude, Marine et Chansons for flute, harp and string trio. Ropartz also published poetry.

Life

Ropartz was born in Guingamp, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany. He studied initially at Rennes. In 1885 he entered the Conservatoire de Paris, studying under Théodore Dubois, then Jules Massenet, where he became a close friend of the young Georges Enesco. He later studied the organ under César Franck.

He was appointed director of the Nancy Conservatory (at the time a National school branch of the Paris Conservatory) from 1894 to 1919, where he established classes in viola in 1894, trumpet in 1895, harp and organ in 1897, then trombone in 1900. He also founded the season of symphonic concerts with the newly created orchestra of the Conservatory, ancestor of the Orchestre symphonique et lyrique de Nancy.

Ropartz was associated with the Breton cultural renaissance of the era, setting to music the words of Breton writers such as Anatole Le Braz and Charles Le Goffic. He also supported Breton regional autonomy, joining the Breton Regionalist Union in 1898.

In the early stages of World War I his friend and fellow composer Albéric Magnard was killed defending his house from German invaders. His house was destroyed, along with several musical manuscripts. Ropartz reconstituted from memory the orchestration of Magnard's opera Guercoeur, which had been lost in the fire.

From 1919 to 1929 Ropartz was director of the Strasbourg Conservatory, which he moved into the building of the former parliament of Alsace-Lorraine. At the same time he undertook the direction of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Strasbourg, influencing young students like Charles Munch. Elected in 1949 as a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts (5th section, musical composition), he succeeded Georges Hüe.

Ropartz also served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to young French painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.

He retired in 1929 and withdrew to his manor in Lanloup, Brittany. He continued to compose until 1953, however, when he became blind.

Style

His musical style was influenced by Claude Debussy and César Franck. However he self-identified as a Celtic Breton, writing that he was the son of a country "where the goblins populate the moor and dance by the moony nights around the menhirs; where the fairies and the enchanters - Viviane and Merlin - have as a field the forest of Brocéliande; where the spirits of the unburied dead appear all white above the waters of the Bay of the Departed."

Shortly after Ropartz died, Rene Dumesnil wrote in Le Monde: "There is with Ropartz a science of folklore and its proper use, which one admires; but more often than the direct use of popular motifs it is an inspiration drawn from the same soil which nourishes the work, like sap in trees."

Compositions

Orchestral

• Symphonies:
  • Symphony No. 1 «Sur un choral Breton» (1894/5)
  • Symphony No. 2 in F minor (1900)
  • Symphony No. 3 in E major for orchestra, choir and soloists (1905/6)
  • Symphony No. 4 in C major (1910)
  • Symphony No. 5 in G major (1945)
• La Cloche des morts (initialement Le Convoi du Fermier) (1887)
• Lamento pour hautbois et orchestre (1887)
• Les Landes (1888)
• Marche de fête (1888)
• Cinq pièces brèves (1889)
• Carnaval (1889)
• Dimanche breton, suite en 4 parties (1893)
• Fantaisie en ré majeur (1897)
• A Marie endormie (1911–12)
• La Chasse du prince Arthur (1911–12)
• Sons de cloches (1913)
• Soir sur les chaumes (1913)
• Rhapsodie pour violoncelle et orchestre (1928)
• Sérénade champêtre (1932)
• Bourrées bourbonnaises (1939)
• Petite symphonie en mi bémol majeur (1943)
• Pastorales (1950)

Stage

• Fethlene (1887)
• Pêcheur d'islande (1893)
• Le Pays (1912)

Chamber music

• Six string quartets (1893 to 1947-9)
• Two cello sonatas (1904/1918-19)
• Three violin sonatas (1907/1917/1927)
• Pièce in E♭ minor for trombone and piano (1908)
• "Fantaisie brève sur le nom de Magnard" for string quartet (1892)
• Piano Trio in A minor (1918)
• Two pieces for wind quintet (1924)
• Prélude, Marine et Chanson pour flute, violin, viola, violoncello and harp (1928)
• Trio in A minor for Strings (1934–35)
• Entratta and Scherzetto for wind trio (1936)
• Andante and Allegro for trumpet and piano

Sacred music

• Kyrie solennel, pour 4 voix soli, chœur et orgue (1886)
• Offertoire pascal, pour orgue seul (1889)
• Psaume 136 "Super flumina Babylonis", pour chœur et orchestre (1897)
• Cinq motets pour 4 voix mixtes a cappella (1900)
• Messe brève en l'honneur de Sainte Anne, pour trois voix égales et orgue (1921)
• Messe en l'honneur de Sainte Odile, pour chœur mixte et orgue (1923)
• Messe "Te Deum Laudamus", pour 3 voix mixtes et orgue (1925–26)
• Requiem, pour soli, chœur et orchestre (1937–38)
• Salve Regina pour chœur mixte et orgue (1941)
• Psaume 129 "De profondis", pour solo, chœur et orchestre (1942)

Vocal music

Voice and orchestra

• Trois Prières
• La Fleur d'or
• Sous Bois

Voice and piano

• Berceuse (1894)
• 4 poèmes de l'intermezzo (1899)
• Veilles de départ (1902)
• Odelettes (1914)
• Les heures propices (1927)
• La Mer
• Amour d'hiver
• Lied
• Le Petit Enfant
• Sous-bois
• Rondel pour Jeanne
• Rondel de miséricorde
• Rondeau pour un délaissé de s'amye

Choir

• Les Fileuses de Bretagne, chœur pour voix de femmes
• Kyrie
• Les Vêpres sonnent (1927)
• Nocturne (1926)
• Dimanche (1911)
• Le Miracle de Saint Nicolas (1905)

Piano music

• Ouverture, variations et final (1904)
• Choral varié (1904)
• Nocturne n°1 (1911)
• Dans l'ombre de la montagne (1913)
• Nocturne n°2 (1916)
• Nocturne n°3 (1916)
• Scherzo (1916)
• Musiques au jardin (1916–17)
• Croquis d'été (1918)
• Croquis d'automne (1929)
• Jeunes filles (1929)
• À la mémoire de Paul Dukas (1936)

Organ music

• Trois pièces: Sur un thème Breton, Intermède, Fugue en mi mineur (1894)
• Vêpres du commun des saints (1896)
• Pièces (6) pour grand orgue: Prélude funèbre, Prière, Sortie, Thème varié, Prière pour les trépasses, Fantasie (1896/1901)
• Introduction et allegro moderato (1917)
• Rhapsodie sur deux Noëls populaires (1919)
• Trois Méditations (1919)
• Au pied de l'autel (100 pieces for harmonium) (1919)

Literary works

Ropartz was also a writer of literary works, notably poetry. In his youth he published three collections of verse influenced by the Symbolist movement. In 1889 he published with Louis Tiercelin Le Parnasse Breton contemporain, an anthology of Breton poetry of the second half of the 19th century. He also participated in la Revue L’Hermine, which Tiercelin founded a short while later, in 1890.

Poems

• Adagiettos (1888)
• Modes mineurs (1889)
• Les Muances (1892)

External links and references

• Association Guy Ropartz
• Joseph-Guy Ropartz (compositeursbretons.com)
• J G Ropartz ("Classical archives")
• Free scores by Joseph Guy Ropartz at the International Music Score Library Project