Eva Heyman

Eva Heyman (Hungarian: Éva Heyman, 13 February 1931 – 17 October 1944) was a Jewish girl from Oradea. She began keeping a diary in 1944 during Nazi rule in Hungary. Published under the name The Diary of Eva Heyman, her diary has been compared to The Diary of Anne Frank. She discusses the extreme deterioration of the circumstances the Jewish community faced in the city, offering a detailed account of the loss of wealth and property they endured. Heyman was 13 years old when she and her grandparents perished in the Holocaust.

In May 2019, the Eva Stories project was launched, visually depicting extracts from her diary on Instagram.

Biography

Heyman started writing her diary on her thirteenth birthday February 13, 1944 (the same year the Nazis established their hold in Hungary). The town she was born in has variously been called Nagyvárad and Oradea throughout it's history. When she is born it is Romanian Oradea; in her diary, Heyman calls it "Varad", short for Nagyvárad, as the city is under Hungarian rule during those years.

She was raised in an assimilated Jewish Hungarian family. Her father, Béla Heyman, was an architect from a prominent family. The family owned a hotel which Heyman wrote was "full of Persian rugs". Her parents divorced when she was a young child. Her mother married socialist writer Béla Zsolt. Her grandfather was a pharmacist, who had supported the Kingdom of Hungary against Romania. Heyman recalls watching the arrival of Miklós Horthy from the window of her grandfather's pharmacy.

Her mother Ágnes "Ági" Zsolt was also a pharmacist. Her daughter described her as "more beautiful than Greta Garbo". Ági and Zsolt were living in Paris when the Germans invaded Poland. Terrified for her daughter, she convinced her husband to return to Budapest. She was held at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, but made it to safety in Switzerland after she was rescued from the camp. She committed suicide after her daughter's diary was published. The location of the original manuscript is not known.

Being raised in a political family, Heyman and her grandparents would have been expecting rough treatment as the Nazis approached Nagyvárad in 1944. Heyman was morbidly preoccupied with her own death at the hands of the Nazis, which she grew to believe was inevitable after her best friend was killed by Nazis. Her diary begins as air raids sirens herald the approach of the Nazis in Nagyvárad. Together with her grandparents, Heyman lost her life in Auschwitz in October of 1944.

Diary and publication

Heyman's diary was published first in Hungarian. It was first translated into Hebrew by Yad Vashem in 1964, then into English by Moshe M. Kohn. The English edition was published by Yad Vashem in 1974. The diary has been compared to The Diary of Anne Frank.

In her diary she talks about her 13th birthday party, the last before she is murdered at Auschwitz. She writes of a pleasant party with tea, sandwiches, and a type of chocolate cake called Sacher torte. She is given a navy blue knit dress, a light tan spring coat and for the first time two pairs of sheer stockings. She also received an assortment of books, candies, records, oranges and chocolates.

She writes of her mother burning books written by Béla Zsolt, who she calls "Uncle Bela", and the destruction of works by other authors who were deemed dangerous like Ferenc Molnár. She admits to having read Molnár's novel The Paul Street Boys.

Commemoration and representation in culture

• In 2012, a research center for Jewish history was opened at the University of Oradea (Nagyvarad) that was named after Eva Heyman.
• In 2015, the city of Oradea (Nagyvarad) was placed a statue in memory of the children of the town who were murdered in the Holocaust in the Bălcescu Park, from which 3,000 Jews were deported by trains to Auschwitz between 24 May and 3 June 1944.
• In 2017, a theater show entitled "Eva Heyman: Anne Frank of Transylvania" was staged in Romania based on Eva's story.

Eva Stories

In May 2019, a series of short videos that illustrate her story was uploaded to Instagram in the style that characterizes the media and under the title Eva Stories. The videos attracted worldwide interest.